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What is formal charge ? Explain by example. |
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Answer» Solution :When molecule or ion presented by Lewis dot structure than the charge on atom is called formal charge. If an atom has MOVE ELECTRON than valence electron than is has negative formal charge and if less electron than valence electron than it has POSITIVE formal charge. Calculation of formal charge is express by following equation. `[{:("Formal"),("charge"),("(F.C) on an"),("atom in"),("a Lewis"),("structure"):}] = [{:("Total"),("number of"),("valence"),("ELECTRONS"),("in the free"),("atom"):}] - [{:("Total"),("number"),("of non"),("bonding"),("(ion pair"),("electrons"):}] - (1)/(2) [{:("total"),("number"),("of"),("bonding"),("(shered"),("elecrtons"):}]` Formal charge is not real charge in molecule but it give position and arrangement of election. e.g. Formal charge of oxygen in ozone molecule.  The atoms have been numbered as 1, 2 and 3. The formal charge on : The CENTRAL O atom marked 1 : = `({:("Velence"),("electron"),("of neutral"),("oxygen"):}) - ({:("non"),("bonding "),("electrons"),("of O - 1"):}) - (1)/(2) ({: ("bonding "),("electrons"),("of O - 2"):})` `= 6 - 2 - (1)/(2) (6) = + 1 ` the end O atom marked 2 : `({:("Velence"),("electron"),("of O"):}) - ({:("non"),("bonding"),("electrons"),("of O (2)"):}) - ({: ("bonding "),("electrons"),("of O (2)"):})` = 6 -4 - 2 = 0 The end O atom marked 3 : Hence, structure of `O_(3)` with formal charge : 
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