1.

What is hydrometallurgy? Explain with an example.

Answer»

Solution :The process of extraction of metals by dissolving the ore in a suitable chemical reagent and the precipitation of the metal by more electropositive metal is called hydrometallurgy. For example, concentrated argentite, Ag2S is first treated with a dilute solution of NaCN to form the soluble complex, sodium dicyanoargentate (I).
`Ag_2S + 4NaCN to underset(("Soluble"))underset("Sodium dicyano argentate (I)")(2Na[Ag(CN)_2]) + Na_2S`
The solution is decanted off and made alkaline by adding NaOH and then treated with ZINC or ALUMINIUM to precipitate silver.
`2Na[Ag(CN)_2] + Zn to underset("Silver")(2Ag) +underset("Sodium tetracyanozincate (II)")(Na_2[Zn(CN)_4])`
`Na_2[Zn(CN)_4]+ 4NaOH to Na_2ZnO_2 + 4NaCN`
Gold is ALSO precipitated from its complex salt solution in a similar way.
`2K[Au(CN)_2] + Zn to K_2[Zn(CN)_4]+ 2Au`
Metals such as Ti, Zr, Ta, etc, are also obtained by reducing their complex salts with alkali metals or Al.
`K_2TiF_6 + 4K to 6KF + Ti`
`K_2ZrF_6 + 2Al to 2AlF_3 + 2K + Zr`


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