Ionic bondingmodels are generally presented as the complete loss or gain of one or more valence electrons from a metal to a nonmetal, resulting in cations and anions that are held together by attractive electrostatic forces.Ionic bonding: Theformationof anionic bondbetween lithium and fluorine to form LiF.

Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.

Factors Influencing the Formation of Ionic Bond:

1. Ionization energy:

It is defined as the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom of an element. The lesser the ionization energy, the greater is the ease of the formation of a cation.

2. Electron affinity:

It is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is added to an isolated gaseous atom of an element. The higher the energy released during this process, the easier will be the formation of an anion.

3. Lattice energy:

It is defined as the amount of energy released when cations and anions are brought from infinity to their respective equilibrium sites in the crystal lattice to form one mole of the ionic compound. The higher the lattice energy, the greater is the tendency of the formation of an ionic bond. The higher the charges on the ions and smaller the distance between them, the greater is the force of attraction between them.