What is mean by activator groups ? Explain with suitable examples.

1.	What is mean by activator groups ? Explain with suitable examples.
Answer» Solution :Definition : After moon substitution of BENZENE it ENTERS into the benzene ring which promotes electrophilic reaction which give easy reaction in comparision to benzene ring, such group is known as activator groups. Examples : -OH, -OR, `-NH_(2), -NHR, -NHCOR`, etc., groups are ortho para directing activator groups. While `-Cl, -Br` are ortho directing in nature but they are not activator groups. Explanation : Activators groups donate their electrons towards RINGS, i.e., they donate electrons density benzene ring. Therefoe electron density in activator ring is more as compared to benzene. This is the reasons that electrophilic reactions are easily occurs in compounds with such activator groups. Such groups donates their electron pair into the ring negative resonance structure. Such groups due to its own (+I) effect, donates electrons towards ring and increases negative density, increases ACTIVITY. e.g., R groups Due to resonance and inductive effect of ortho and para groups they are activator in rings. While -Cl and -Br have medium activator effect.

Discussion