Mining refers to the extraction of the minerals from the earth such as Iron ore, Manganese, Gold, Coal, Diamond and Petroleum.

Types of the Mining:

1. Open cast mining: Extracting the mineral ore is by removing the soil for example: Coal &„ Iron ore. 

2. Under ground mining: The method of extracting mineral ore’s from the greater depth through drilling and pumping for example: Petroleum & Natural gas. 

3. Shaft mining: It is a method obtain minerals that are located at greater depth for example: Coal, lead, Iron ore etc.

Advantages: 

• It’s the source of employment. 
• Which supplies valuable minerals ore’s to the mankind. 
• It provides raw materials to the mineral based industries. 
• It develops secondary and tertiary activities of the human beings.

Disadvantages:

• Depletion of the environment for ex: iron ore mining in Bellary has creates environmental degradation in Karnataka. 
• Minerals are exhaustible in its nature. 
• Water resource are affected and polluted. 
• Both flora and fauna are affected by mining.