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What is structural isomerism ? Give two isomers of chain isomerism of alkane. |
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Answer» Solution :* Structural isomers : Compounds having same molecular formula but different structural arrangement is known to be structural isomers. This phenomenon is known as structural isomerism. * Branched isomers (Chain isomers) : If two or more compounds having same molecular formula but the carbon chain structures are different such compounds are known as chain isomers and this is known as chain isomers and this is known as chain isomerism. Having more than three carbon alkanes havechain isomerism. EXAMPLE -1 : Butane has 2 structural isomers. (i) n-butane can be joined either in a CONTINUOUS chain or with a branched chain. (ii) Isobutane shows branched structure. (i) n-butane : `H-UNDERSET(H)underset(|)OVERSET(H)overset(|)(C)-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)(C)-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)(C)-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(|)(C)-H` (ii) 2-Methylpropane :  Example - 2: Penane `(C_(5)H_(12))` has 3 isomers. (i) Normal pentane has chain like structure. (ii) Isopentane and (III) Neopentane has branched like structure. (i) Pentane : `underset("n-pentane")(H-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(1|)(C)-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(2|)(C)-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(3|)(C)-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(4|)(C)-underset(H)underset(|)overset(H)overset(5|)(C)-H)` In short `CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(3)` 
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