What is the actual configuration of copper (Z = 29)? Explain about its

1.	What is the actual configuration of copper (Z = 29)? Explain about its stability?
Answer» Copper (Z = 29) Expected configuration : 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁹ 4s² Actual configuration : 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ The reason is that fully filled orbitals have been found to have extra stability. Copper has the electronic configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ and not [Ar] 3d⁹ 4s² due the symmetrical distribution and exchange energies of d electrons. Symmetry leads to stability. The full filled configuration have symmetrical distribution of electrons and hence they are more stable than unsymmetrical configuration.

What is the actual configuration of copper (Z = 29)? Explain about its stability?

Answer»

Copper (Z = 29)

Expected configuration : 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁹ 4s²

Actual configuration : 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ The reason is that fully filled orbitals have been found to have extra stability.

Copper has the electronic configuration [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ and not [Ar] 3d⁹ 4s² due the symmetrical distribution and exchange energies of d electrons.

Symmetry leads to stability. The full filled configuration have symmetrical distribution of electrons and hence they are more stable than unsymmetrical configuration.

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