4D printing is a subset of 3D printing. In “normal” 3D printing, the end PRODUCT is static, unless some flexible material is used, and it is meant to stay in that form. 4D printing is a way of “programming” the material/object to change form or functionality when given the correct IMPULSE.

For example: running shoes could be designed to change the way they feel or fit depending on the activity of the WEARER. Also, clothing could change its functionality depending on the weather. Although these products and solutions are not yet on the market, various RESEARCH institutions like the MIT Self-Assembly lab are working on improving such technologies.

4D printing is a subset of 3D printing. In “normal” 3D printing, the end product is static, unless some flexible material is used, and it is meant to stay in that form. 4D printing is a way of “programming” the material/object to change form or functionality when given the correct impulse.

For example: running shoes could be designed to change the way they feel or fit depending on the activity of the wearer. Also, clothing could change its functionality depending on the weather. Although these products and solutions are not yet on the market, various research institutions like the MIT Self-Assembly lab are working on improving such technologies.