Hindi: Bhārat), officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya),[20] is a country in South Asia. It is the second-most populous country, the seventh-largest country by area, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;[e] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.Republic of IndiaBhārat Gaṇarājya(see other local names)Horizontal tricolour flag bearing, from top to bottom, deep saffron, white, and green horizontal bands. In the centre of the white band is a navy-blue wheel with 24 spokes.FlagThree lions facing left, right, and toward viewer, ATOP a frieze containing a GALLOPING horse, a 24-spoke wheel, and an elephant. Underneath is a motto: "सत्यमेव जयते".State emblemMotto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)"Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]Anthem: "JANA Gana Mana"[2][3]("Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People")[4][2]National song"Vande Mataram" (Sanskrit)("I Bow to Thee, Mother")[a][1][2]Image of a globe centred on India, with India highlighted.Area controlled by India shown in dark green;regions claimed but not controlled shown in light greenCapitalNew Delhi28°36′50″N 77°12′30″ELargest cityMumbai (city proper)Delhi (metropolitan area)Official languagesHindiEnglish[B][7]Recognised regional languagesState level andEighth Schedule[8]AssameseBengaliBodoDogriGujaratiHindiKannadaKashmiriKokborokKonkaniMaithiliMalayalamManipuriMarathiMizoNepaliOdiaPunjabiSanskritSantaliSindhiTamilTeluguUrduNational languageNone[9][10][11]Religion (2011)79.8% Hinduism14.2% Islam2.3% Christianity1.7% Sikhism0.7% Buddhism0.4% Jainism0.23% Unaffiliated0.65% others[12]See Religion in IndiaDemonym(s)IndianMembershipUN, WTO, BRICS, SAARC, SCO, G4 nations, Group of Five, G8+5, G20, Commonwealth of NationsGovernmentFederal parliamentary constitutional republic• PresidentRam Nath Kovind• Vice PresidentVenkaiah Naidu• Prime MinisterNarendra Modi• Chief JusticeSharad Arvind Bobde• Speaker of the Lok SabhaOm Birla• Leader of the Rajya SabhaThawar Chand GehlotLegislatureParliament• UPPER houseRajya Sabha• Lower houseLok SabhaIndependence from the United Kingdom• Dominion15 August 1947• Republic26 January 1950Area• Total3,287,263[2] km2 (1,269,219 sq mi)[c] (7th)• Water (%)9.6Population• 2018 estimateIncrease1,352,642,280[13][14] (2nd)• 2011 census1,210,854,977[15][16] (2nd)• Density406.0/km2 (1,051.5/sq mi) (19th)GDP (PPP)2020 estimate• TotalIncrease $12.363 trillion[17] (3rd)• Per capitaIncrease $9,027[17] (118th)GDP (nominal)2020 estimate• TotalIncrease $3.202 trillion[17] (5th)• Per capitaIncrease $2,338[17] (139th)Gini (2013)33.9[18]medium · 79thHDI (2018)Increase 0.647[19]medium · 129thCurrencyIndian rupee (₹) (INR)Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)DST is not observedDate formatdd-mm-yyyyyyyy-mm-dd[d]Mains electricity230 V–50 HzDriving sideleftCalling code+91ISO 3166 codeINInternet TLD.in (others)