The role of each component of a cell is as follows: 

a. Cell membrane: Cell membrane separates the cytoplasmic contents from external environment. 

b. Cytoplasm: Site for metabolic activities and organelles. 

c. Nucleus: It is the control center of the cell. Genetic material is present in the nucleus. 

d. Endoplasmic reticulum: It produces, processes and transports proteins and lipids. 

e. Ribosomes: Ribosome is the site for protein synthesis. 

f. Golgi apparatus: It is involved in modifying, sorting and packing of proteins for secretion. It also transports lipids around the cell. 

g. Lysosomes: It is involved in digestion of worn out organelles and waste removal.

h. Mitochondria: It is responsible for production of energy. 

i. Vacuoles: It has various functions like storage, waste disposal, protection and growth. 

j. Cell wall: It provides strength and support to the cell. 

k. Plastids: They are responsible for production and storage of food. It also contains photosynthetic pigments (Chloroplasts). 

l. Cilia and flagella: Help in motility