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What was the plight of the three orders in medieval Europe?

Answer» 1. THE CLERGY\tChurch was a powerful institution. The Pope, the head of the Catholic Church, lived in Rome. Bishops were religious nobility.\tThe church played a major role in influencing the Medieval European society.\tThey collected the\xa0tithe, a tax from the peasants.\tChurch ceremonies copied several formal feudal customs.\tSome Christians chose to live in isolation in\xa0abbeys. (‘Abbey’ is derived from the Syriac\xa0abba, meaning father. An abbey was governed by an abbot or an abbess)2. NOBILITY\tThe word ‘Feudalism’ is derived from the German word ‘feud’ which means ‘a piece of land’. Feudalism was a division of society that initially developed in medieval France, then in England and southern Italy.\tIt was a kind of agricultural production relationship between lords and peasants.\tThe nobility had a privileged role in the social process with absolute control over his land. They raised troops that were called ‘Feudal Levies’. The King of France was linked to his people through the system of ‘vassalage’. The King was accepted as\xa0Seigneur, i.e. lord. The nobility lived in manor houses.\tThe cavalry and peasant soldiers were called\xa0knights. Minstrels and bards toured France, singing tales of brave kings and knights.3. THE PEASANTRY\tPeasants and Serfs were two kinds of cultivators in medieval Europe.\tFree peasants laboured for cultivating the lord’s fields to provide labour rent. They paid a direct tax, called\xa0taille, to the king. European monarchs were called New Monarchs.The Anglo-Saxons had a Great Council, which the king consulted before imposing any tax. This developed into the Parliament, with the House of Lords (its members – the lords and the clergy), and the House of Commons. The English monarch, Charles the First, ruled England from 1629 till 1640 without calling the Parliament.


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