1. Unification: The first challenge was to maintain unity of the country because India was a country where people spoke different languages, had different culture and religion. It was not easy to maintain unity of the nation with such a vast diversity. For a moral and diverse country like India, it was a very complicated task. 

It had three stages:

• Emotional level, where attention was to be paid to the lowest class of the society.

• Physical level, where all the citizens were equal before the law and were provided equal protection of law.

• Spiritual level, where the entire society had to understand the needs and desires of diverse ethnic classes of the society.

2. Establish Democracy: The second challenge before India was to establish democracy. For this purpose, India adopted representative democracy based on the parliamentary form of the government. These features ensured that there will be political competition within the democratic framework. Democracy requires democratic constitution. In India also, constitution was framed and citizens were given right to vote and fundamental rights. But the challenge was to ensure the functioning of the country in accordance with the constitution. 

3. Homogeneous Development: The third challenge before India was to ensure such development wherein the entire society could be benefited and not just some regions. To ensure this, provisions were made in the constitution for right to equality and special right were granted to backward classes and cultural and religious minorities. The constitution provided for Directive Principles of State Policy to achieve the goal of public welfare, which must be fulfilled by political establishment. Now the real challenge was to evolve effective policy for economic development and eradication of poverty.