(sorry if my answer is too long)

Answer:

Giuseppe Mazzini  had sought to put together a sequential programme for an Unitary Italian republic. The failure of revolutions meant that the mantle now fell on Sardinia - Piedmont under its ruler King Victor Emmanuel II to unify the Italian states through war.  Chief minister Cavour who led the movement to unify the Italian regions was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat . Through the alliance engineered by Cavour, Sardinia Piedmont succeeded in defeating Austrian forces .Apart from regular troops ,  a large no. of armed force lead by Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the battle . They ,marched to south Italy and succeeded in winning the SUPPORT of local peasants  in order to drive out Spanish rulers . FINALLY , Victor Emmanuel II was declared as the king of United Italy .

THE MAIN PROBLEMS WERE AS FOLLOWS  :-Before the unification , ITALIANS were scattered over several dynastic states . Italy was divided into seven states . Out of which only one, Sardinia Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house . The north was under Austrian Habsburgs , the center was ruled by Pope and the southern region s were ruled by Bourbon kings of Spain .EVEN the Italian language had not acquired one COMMON form and still various regional variations were prevailing.

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