India had to face many problems after independence such as partition, displacement, integration of princely states and reorganisation of states like Jammu and Kashmir. Many nations predicted that India would not survive for as an integrated nation.

There were problems which cropped up with time like:

i. The political problem related to Jammu and Kashmir emerged with Pakistan, which also affected the people of the Kashmir valley.

ii. Regions in the North East were not accepting to be parts of India. Nagaland and Mizoram began movements demanding to be separate nations.

iii. Dravid movement began in South India demanding to be a separate nation as well.

iv. The movements in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Gujarat demanding to divide states on the basis of language.

v. There were also protests in South India for not accepting Hindi as a National language whereas on the other side, there were protests in support of Hindi in North India.

vi. During the 1960s, there were movements to demand a separate state on the basis of Punjabi language and due to this, in 1966, two states were formed – Punjab and Haryana.

vii. Later new states were formed, such as – Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand.