After the culmination of ancient civilization in Greek and Rome, the medieval period began to arise. Between 13th and 16th century, some unusual circumstances occurred in Europe, about the consciousness in humans. This awakening in consciousness is called Renaissance.

In Europe the Renaissance is due to the following reasons :

• Crusade : The religious wars between Muslims and Christians led Europeans to come in contact with people from Eastern countries. They had come to know about new thoughts and new progressive knowledge that had lesser effect of church on people. 
• Trade Growth : After the crusades, Europe established trade relations with Eastern countries. New cities began to rise. These cities became centre for international trade. In these places different traders and visitors regularly began to travel, this allowed exchange of thoughts. People began to argue about good and bad, this in turn gave way to independent thinking and improved the knowledge. This situation gave direction to the growth of Renaissance.
• Innovations of Paper and Printing Material: Printing material innovation opened the path for mental growth. In 1455 AD the innovation of Printing Press by Johannes Gutenberg helped the history and culture of Rome to reach each household easily. This led to the emotions of Renaissance among people. 
• Turkey’s control over Constantinople : In 1453 AD after the victory of Ottoman Turks over Constantinople, Greek intellectuals, artists and philosophers for their livelihood left for other nations in Europe. They took along with diem Greek knowledge, science and new awakening pattern and this established coordination among Greek and Rome civilization and birth of Renaissance. 
• The growth of Humanitarianism : The rise in humanitarianism made people angry about the religious control on human life. Humanitarians criticized the principles of non believers and religious zealots and to make public recivilized, gave emphasis on primitive Roman and Greek literature by which people had the inspiration for Renaissance. 
• The rise of Mongol Kingdom : With the rise of Mongol Kingdom a contact emerged between Asia and Europe. Marco Polo in his travelogue has written about the prosperity of Mongol kingdom. This spread the awareness among Europeans.

The results of Renaissance : Renaissance not only influenced literature, art and science but every aspect of human life. 

In these circumstances the following results of Renaissance took place.

• Renaissance accorded humans an opportunity in the form of independent expressions. A person was able to express in any form in his individual capacity. 
• Renaissance made humans materialistic. Victory over nature, scientific innovations and geographical findings became the objective for them. 
• Scientific perspectives and logical analysis condemned the traditions and principles of medieval religious tenets and continued religious reformation 
• Through Renaissance the people developed love for ancient knowledge. 
• By Renaissance the power of religion became weak and as a result nationalism grew. Nationalism’s emotions drew interests about growth in nation and its progress.