1.

When and where was the first section of the underground railway opened in the world? Explain any three difficulties of travelling in that underground railway.

Answer»

10th January, 1863 from Paddington to Farrington street in London.

Difficulties:

(i) The compartment were filled with smoke.

(ii) Atmosphere was a mixture of sulphur, coal dust and foul fumes.

(iii) Suffocation led to Asphyxiation.

(iv) The underground railways were considered a menace to health due to the lack of oxygen created in the compartments by smoking pipes, fumes of gas lamps and coal dust.

(v) A large number of houses for poor were displaced for its construction.

(vi) It added to the mess and unhealthy environment of the city.

(vii) People were afraid to travel underground.

(viii) Many felt that 'iron monsters' added to the mass and unhealthiness of the city.



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