The correct answer is Russia.

1. The multi-nation counter-terrorism exercise “Peace Mission” will be held in the Ural mountains of Russia in September 2018.
2. It will take place under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). 
3. The purpose of the exercise will be to enhance counter-terror cooperation among the 8 SCO member countries.
4. It will be for the first time since Independence that India and Pakistan will both be part of a military exercise, though the armies of the two nations have worked together in UN peacekeeping missions. 
5. The drill will also see the resumption of bilateral military exercise between India and China, which was suspended in 2017 following the 73-day Doklam standoff. 

1. The SCO was founded at a summit in Shanghai in 2001 by the Presidents of Russia, China, the Kyrgyz Republic, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. 
2. India and Pakistan became full members of the bloc in 2017. 
3. With the expansion of the grouping, SCO now represents over 40% of humanity and nearly 20% of the global GDP.
4. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is an intergovernmental organization founded in Shanghai on 15 June 2001. 
5. The SCO currently comprises eight Member States (China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan), four Observer States interested in acceding to full membership (Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran, and Mongolia), and six “Dialogue Partners” (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Turkey). 

1. In 2021, the decision was made to start the accession process of Iran to the SCO as a full member, and Egypt, Qatar as well as Saudi Arabia became dialogue partners. 
2. Since its inception in 2001, the SCO has mainly focused on regional security issues, its fight against regional terrorism, ethnic separatism, and religious extremism. 
3. 2021 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Tajikistan. On September 17, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) held a heads-of-state summit in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, in a hybrid virtual and in-person setting.