1.

Which of the following does not cause the permanent hardness in water?(a) Nitrates(b) Sulphates(c) Chlorides(d) BicarbonatesI have been asked this question in final exam.My doubt is from Estimation of Hardness in section Water of Applied Chemistry

Answer»

Correct option is (d) Bicarbonates

Easiest EXPLANATION: The bicarbonates of the CALCIUM and magnesium CAUSE the temporary hardness and the SULPHIDES, nitrates and the chlorides cause permanent hardness.



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