Answer» Correct Answer - Option 4 : 1, 2 and 3
The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3. - Symbiotic relationship refers to any relationship or interaction between two dissimilar organisms.
- The specific kind of symbiosis depends on whether either or both organisms benefit from the relationship.
- There are five main symbiotic relationships:
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Predation
- Parasitism
- Competition
- Cnidarians - Cnidarians are radially symmetrical, soft-bodied animals found in aquatic habitats.
- Their common names are sea anemones, jellyfish, corals and hydras. Some other cnidarians include Portuguese men-of-war, sea fans, sea pens and sea whips.
- Mostly marine entities while few such as hydra are found in freshwater.
- The relationship between cnidarians and dinoflagellate algae is termed "symbiotic" because both the animal host and the algae are benefiting from the association. It is a mutualistic interaction. Hence, 1 is correct.
- Fungi - Fungi are any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
- Many fungi are involved in symbiotic relationships. Some fungi are parasites. They are specialized to penetrate a host and break down the host's tissues.
- Two common mutualistic relationships involving fungi are mycorrhiza (fungi and plant roots) and lichen (fungi and either cyanobacteria or green algae). Hence, 2 is correct.
- Protozoa - Protozoa are single-celled organisms.
- The Protozoa are considered to be a subkingdom of the kingdom Protista, although in the classical system they were placed in the kingdom Animalia.
- More than 50,000 species have been described, most of which are free-living organisms.
- Protozoa are found in almost every possible habitat.
- Protozoa mostly represent a close mutualistic association between a protozoan and unicellular symbionts such as bacteria, cyanobacteria or/and unicellular algae or protozoans and a multicellular organisms such as ruminants, lower termites, wood-eating cockroaches, plants. Hence, 3 is correct
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