Answer» Correct Answer - Option 4 : It is meant to conserve both the biodiversity and culture of that area.
Explanation: - Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems which are internationally recognised within the framework of UNESCO's 'Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme'.
- These reserves are required to meet a minimal set of criteria and adhere to a minimal set of conditions before being admitted to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves designated by the UNESCO.
- The main objectives of biosphere reserves are-
- To conserve biological and cultural diversity and integrity of plants, animals, birds, reptiles, micro-organisms and unique features of pristine nature.
- To promote research on ecological conservation and other environmental aspects.
- To provide facilities for education, research, awareness, and training.
- The biosphere reserve is the protected part of the land covered with forests.
- It is meant for the conservation of wildlife, biodiversity and traditional lifestyle of tribals.
- There are currently 714 biosphere reserves in 129 countries, including 21 transboundary sites, that belong to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.
- The Biosphere Reserves Programme was initiated in India in 1986.
- The structure of Biosphere Reserve- Core Areas, Buffer Zone, and Transition Zone.
- There are18 biosphere reserves in India:-
- Cold Desert, Himachal Pradesh
- Nanda Devi, Uttrakhand
- Khangchendzonga, Sikkim
- Dehang-Debang, Arunachal Pradesh
- Manas, Assam
- Dibru-Saikhowa, Assam
- Nokrek, Meghalaya
- Panna, Madhya Pradesh
- Pachmarhi, Madhya Pradesh
- Achanakmar-Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh-Chhattisgarh
- Kachchh, Gujarat
- Similipal, Odisha
- Sundarban, West Bengal
- Seshachalam, Andhra Pradesh
- Agasthyamala, Karnataka-Tamil Nadu-Kerala
- Nilgiri, Tamil Nadu-Kerala
- Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu
- Great Nicobar, Andaman & Nicobar Island
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