tudy the properties of acids (DIL. HCl) and bases (dil. NaOH) by their reaction withLitmus solution (blue/red)Zinc metalSolid sodium carbonateMaterials RequiredTest tubes, test tube stand, test tube holder, cork, droppers, boiling tube, match-box, burner, flat bottom flask, thistle funnel, beaker, litmus solution/paper (red and blue), glass rod, zinc granules, freshly prepared lime WATER, solid sodium CARBONATE and dil. HCl.TheoryAcidAn acid is a SUBSTANCE which furnishes H+ ions when it is dissolved in water like HCl. Acids turn blue litmus red and do not affect red litmus.On reacting with zinc metal, HCl forms a salt, zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2) is liberated.CBSE Class 10 Science Lab Manual – Properties of Acids and Bases 1Hydrogen gas burns in air with a blue flame and produces a pop sound.CBSE Class 10 Science Lab Manual – Properties of Acids and Bases 2HCl reacts with sodium carbonate (aqueous/solid) to liberate carbon dioxide (CO2 ) which turns lime water milky due to the formation of calcium carbonate. When excess of CO2 is passed through the solution, the MILKINESS disappears.CBSE Class 10 Science Lab Manual – Properties of Acids and Bases 3