After the integration of kingly states, the next major issue faced by India was the formation of states. There were demands and agitations from various parts of the country for language-based state formulation. Potti Sreeramulu undertook a hunger strike demanding the formation of Andhra Pradesh for the Telugu speaking population. He lost his life in the process. Finally, Andhra Pradesh was formed in 1953.

This intensified the demand for language-based state formation. Government then constituted state reorganization commission under the chairmanship of Fassal Ali. On the basis of the report of this commission, State Reorganization Act was passed in 1956. As per this Act, 14 states and 6 union territories came into existence. Independent India achieved progress in many fields. By adopting a mixed economic system and introducing five year plans India strengthened its basic sectors. India achieved tremendous progress in agricultural and industrial fields. In the field of science also India had enviable growth. By reading the importance of national education in the progress of a nation, the rulers of India implemented innovative reforms in education. ‘