(a) Three causes of the First World War (1914): 

1. Militant Nationalism and Mutual Rivalries: Each nation thought about her own national interest. Nationalism had become competitive and aggressive. The spirit of Nationalism was a strong driving force in European politics of the 19th century. Thus the whole atmosphere was charged with narrow militant nationalism and inter-state rivalries. 

2. Europe Divided into Power Blocs: In Europe, there existed single nation states like France, Holland, Germany. There also existed some imperial states like Austria Hungarians empire, which included nationalities like Serbs, Hungarians, Bosanions and the Croats. There was the Russia empire which included Polish Ukranian, Turkish and Mages people. Great Britain was also a colonial empire. The major European nation were divided into two Bloc’s. Germany, Austria, Hungary and Italy had made the Triple Alliance in 1882 A.D. and the Dual Alliance united France and Russia. At the dawn of the 20th Century Europe was divided into two hostile camps. Tension prevailed in their relations with each other, bloc-wise. 

3. The immediate cause: The Sarajevo Incident: In June 1914, The Archduke Francis Ferdinand, The Heir-Apparent to the throne of Austria went to Sarajevo, the Capital of Bosnia, on an official visit. On June 28, 1914, he and his wife were shot dead. The assassin, Gavrilo Princep, was a nineteen years old Bosnian student. This dual murder had been planned in Serbia by a secret society of patriotic terrorists called the “Black hand”. The Austrians blamed the Serbians for this crime, as the assassin and fellow conspirators had received their guns and bombs in Serbian Capital with the help of Serbian officials. 

(b) 1. The Treaty of Versailles declared Germany guilty of aggression. 

2. Germany was required to pay for the loss and damages suffered by the allies during the war. Germany had to cede her merchant ship to the allies as compensation. It had to supply huge quantities of coal to France, Italy and Belgium for 10 years. 

3. The area of Rhine Valley was to be demilitarized and German territory west of Rhine was to be occupied by the allied troops for 15 years. 

4. Germany lost Alsace Lorraine to France and Malmedy to Belgium, Schieswig to Denmark; Dazling become a free port in polish territory.

(c) All the States of the world were prohibited from entering into any Secret Treaties and alliances. The member states were not supposed to maintain huge army worship and destructive armament. All states were to respect each other’s independence. All states were to be refer their mutual disputes if any, to the league of nation for a peaceful settlement. The member states were to take necessary action as directed by the League against any state which tried to disturb world peace and order. Apart from the political function the League of Nation won supposed to promote cultural social and economic cooperation among the member states. The United Nation organisation was formed on 24 October, 1945 with objectives similar to those of the League of Nation.