Greenhouse effect: 

Universal temperature rise has become a complicated problem of the world. This problem can be understood on the basis of greenhouse effect. Green house is an enclosure in which plants are grown. The wall of this room is made of anti-heat material and roof is made of such a glass through which sunlight can enter into the room but cannot get out of the room. The temperature of this house remains high in winter and the tropical plants can be grown there.

The temperature of earth’s atmosphere is increasing in the same way. Sun rays passing through atmosphere heat up the earth and this heat then escapes into atmosphere through long wave radiations. Earth’s atmosphere is made of several gases. These many gases make a natural cover above the earth. This cover stops a part of returning heat similarly to glass wall of greenhouse. Consequently, the earth becomes like a room of hot gases. This sort of gases are known as greenhouse gases. The main greenhouse gases are : carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide, etc.

Thus increment of some gases in earth’s atmosphere do not let earth’s heat go out. Thus earth’s temperature is increasing continuously. This effect is known as greenhouse effect. According to Oxford dictionary, due to effect of man-made covering of carbon dioxide, the progressive heating of earth’s surface is called greenhouse effect.

Reasons for greenhouse effect: Following are the reasons : 

1. Release of greenhouse gases into atmosphere due to rapid industrialization. 

2. Spreading pollution due to increasing numbers of vehicles. 

3. Burning of coal, wood, mineral oil, volcanic erruption, etc. 

4. Reaching of CO2 into atmosphere due to respiration.

Control of greenhouse effect: 

It can be controlled through the following ways : 

1. By reducing the compounds of carbon dioxide, chlorofluoro carbons mixing in atmosphere. 

2. In Industries, such plants should be installed which emit less carbon compounds and other gases, and equipment should be used that destroys/reduces such gases. 

3. By reducing the use of fossil fuels. 

4. The forests should be conserved and developed so that the greenhouse gases may be absorbed more.

Harm from greenhouse effect : 

Following adverse effects arise from greenhouse phenomenon. 

• Growth in temperature : 

Due to it the heat of the earth is creating the problem of globed warming. 

• Melting of ice on poles : 

With the growth of temperature, the melting of polar ice-caps will increase oceanic water levels and coastal areas will submerge. 

•  Increase in Rainfall : 

It would cause more rain and weather discrepancies will arise. 

• Effect on agriculture: 

By greenhouse effect the change in climate will take place and crop production and life will be affected.