(a) Town planning:

• The town planning of Harappan cities was very systematic. 
• Houses were of baked bricks, which included bathrooms, toilets, wells. 
• Granaries existed, with impressive public monuments. 
• The excellent drainage systems, public baths, and independent fortification walls are highlights.
• The grid pattern was used, where streets crossed each other in right angles, and the resulted blocks were used for building houses. 
• The English bond masonry method was used with two headers and two stretchers to build a wall, which was especially useful for earthquake-prone areas.

(b) Social organisation:

• Social hierarchy was based on the position of power. 
• Classes of skilled artisans and individuals were based on craft specialisation.
• Belief systems existed, with evidence of burials indicating rituals after death.
• Artifacts and architecture also indicate belief systems.

(c) Administration:

• Administrative control existed over the distribution of water and other resources.
• The size of bricks indicates the use of standardisation and ratio.
• Weights, set style of shapes and painted designs of pottery, majestic and non-residential buildings for public administrative offices are also seen.

(d) Economy:

• Harappan civilisation practiced mass production of goods for trade purposes.
• The concentration of factories and residences of artisans in a particular area of the city indicates the purpose of convenience of production, flourishing internal and distant trade, and administrative control over trade transactions.
• Well-shaped, beautiful earthen pots, statues, metal objects of gold, silver, copper, and bronze were made. 
• Various types of beads were prepared, indicating a sound economy.