Internal commands: The internal commands are those commands that are automatically loaded in the memory. Some commonly used DOS internal commands are: -

1. Cls

Syntax :- C :/> Cls

2. Dir 

Syntax:- C : / > dir.

a. C : / > dir/p – It displays the list of directories or files page wise

     b. C: / > dir/w- It displays the list of directories or files width wise

     c. C : / > dir/d: –It display list of directories or files in drive D

     d. C : / > dir filename . extension – It displays the information of specified file.

     e. C : / > dir file name with wild cards.

3. Date 

Syntax: - C : /> date

Current date is: sat 3-09-2021

Enter of new date (mm-dd-yy):-

4. Time

Syntax : - C : / > time

Current time is 12 : 39 - 48 : 36 p

Enter new time : -

5. Ver

Syntax : - C : / > Ver

MS – Dos version 6 : 20

Copy card .

2. External commands: -  This commands are not permanent part of the memory. To execute or run this commands an external file is required.

Example : [.] Dot  exe, bat.

Some commonly used DOS external commands are .

1. CHKDSK

Syntax : - C : / > CHKDSK drive name

Eg:- C : / > CHKDSK   e :

If drive name is not mentioned by default current drive is considered.

2. Diskcopy

Syntax : - C : / > disk copy < source path > < destination path >

Ex: - c : / > diskcopy A : B :

NOTE: - This command is used after diskcopy command to ensure that disk is copied successfully.

3. Format

Syntax : - C : / > format drive name

Ex : C : / > format  A:

4. Label 

Syntax : C : / > label drive name

Ex : C : / > label  A:

5.Scandisk

Syntax : - C : / > scandisk < drive names >

 C : / > Scandisk  A :