1.

Write general characteristics of equilibria involving physical processes.

Answer»

Solution :For the physical processes FOLLOWING characte ristics are COMMON to the system at EQUILIBRIUM.
(i) Equilibrium is possible only in a closed system at a given temperature.
(ii) Both the OPPOSING processes occur at the same rate and there is a dynamic but stable condition.
(iii) All measurable properties of the system remain constant.
(iv) When equilibrium is attained for a physical process, it is characterised by constant value of one of its PARAMETERS at a given temperature.
(v) The magnitude of such quantities at any stage indicates the extent to which the physical process has proceeded before reaching equilibrium.


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