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Write note on reverse osmosis and explain its application in desalination of sea water. |
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Answer» Solution :Let us CONSIDER the experimental setup discussed in the osmosis . The pure water moves through the semipermeable membrane to the NaCl solution due to osmosis . This process can be reversed by applying pressure greater than the osmotic pressure to the solution side . Now the pure water moves from the solution side to the solvent side and this process is CALLED reverse osmosis . It can be defined as a process in which a solvent passes through a semipermeable membrane in the opposite direction of osmosis when SUBJECTED to a hydrostatic pressure greaterthan the osmotic pressure. Application of Reverse osmosis in water purication: Reverse osmosis is used in the desalination of sea water and also in the purication of drinking water. A simple set up usedin both the process is shown in the figure . When a pressure higher than the osmotic pressure it APPLIED on the solution SIDED (sea water )the water molecules moves from solution sideto the solvent side through semi-permeable membrane (Opposite to the Osmotic flow ) the pure water can be collected . ere are different types of semi-permeable membrane used in this process . The membrane used for reverse osmosis has to withstand high pressures . Genrally cellulose acetate or polymide membrane are commonly used in commercial system The selection of membrane used for reverse osmosis will be decided based on the nature of the input water. ` (##SUR_CHE_XI_V02_C09_E05_009_S01.png" width="80%"> |
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