1.

Write the detail about hydrogenation of unsaturates hydrocarbon.

Answer»

Solution :Defination of HYDROGENATION : Dihydrogen gas adds to alkenes and alkynes in the presene of finely divided catalysts like platinum, palladium or nickel to form alkanes. This process is called hydrogenation.
* Work of catalyst : These metals absorb dihydrogen gas on their surfaces and activate the hydrogen-hydrogen bond. Platinum and palladium CATALYSE the reaction at room temperature but RELATIVELY higher temperatureand pressure are REQUIRED with nickel catalysts.
* Some examples of hydrogenation reaction : When hydrogen is added to unsaturated hydrocarbons like alkene and alkyne and alkane is formed, such type of reaction is known as alkane.
(i) `underset("Ethene")(CH_(2))=CH_(2)+H_(2)underset(or Ni, Delta)overset(Pt//Pd)rarrunderset("Ethane")(CH_(3))-CH_(3)`
(ii) `underset("Propane")(CH_(3))-CH=CH_(2)+H_(2)underset(or Ni, Delta)overset(Pt//Pd)rarr underset("Propane")(CH_(3))-CH_(2)-CH_(3)`
(iii) `underset("PROPYNE")(CH_(3))-C-=C-H+2H_(2)underset(or Ni, Delta)overset(Pt//Pd)rarrunderset("Propane")(CH_(3))-CH_(2)-CH_(3)`
Note : Rany nickel is used as catalyst. It is a working nickel catalyst and used in the form of powder.


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