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Write the formal charges on atoms in CO_(3)^(2-) and HNO_(3). |
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Answer» Solution :`CO_(3)^(2-)` (carbonate ion ) : TOTAL valence electron= C (4) + three O (18) + (-2) charge (2) = 24 Formal charge = `("valence" e^(-)) - ("lone pair" e^(-)) -` (no. of bond)  F = x- nb-b F = (x - nb - b ) `therefore ` Formal charge of C = 4 - 4 = 0 (`because` Total relation with C) Formal charge of O (1) = 6 - 6 -1 = - 1 Formal charge of O (2) = 6 - 4 - 4 = 0 Formal charge of O (3)=6- 6 -1 = -1 Valence`e^(-) ` of O = 6 Two bonding andsix non boding `e^(-) ` with single bond contain O. Four non boding and two boding `e^(e)` on double bond containing O. So, structure : Formal charge on atoms of `HNO_(3)` : F =(x - nb - b) O, N and H the valence `e^(-)` 6,5 and 1 are respectively. Formal charge of O (2) = 6 - 6 - 1 = -1 Formal charge of O (1) = 6 - 4 - 2 = 0 Formal charge of O (3) = 6 - 4 - 2 = 0 Formal charge of N = 5 - 0 - 4 = + 1 Formal charge of H = 1 - O - 1 = O So, structure of `HNO_(3)` with formal charge : 
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