1.

Write the structures of different isomeric alkyl groups corresponding to the molecular formula `C_(5)H_(11)`. Also give the `IUPAC` names of alochols obtained by attachment of the `-OH` groups to these groups. Strategy: There are three different skeletons of five `C` atoms. Pentane has three different type of `H` atoms, isopentane has four different types of `H` atoms, and neopentane has only one type of `H` atoms.

Answer» `overset(1^(@))CH_(3)overset(n-"Pentaene")(overset(2_(a)^(@))CH_(2)overset(2_(b)^(@))(CH_(2))overset(2_(a)^(@))CH_(2)overset(1^(@))CH_(3))`
Three alkyl groups derived from `n`-pentane and corresponding alcohols:
(i) `underset(1-pentyl)(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(2)overset(1)CH_(2))- rarr underset(Pentan-1-ol)(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)CH_(2)overset(1)CH_(2)-OH)`
(ii) `underset("1-Methylbutyl")(overset(2)CH_(3)overset(3)CH_(2)overset(2)CH_(2)underset(|)overset(1)CHCH_(3))rarr underset("Pentane-2-ol")(overset(5)CH_(3)overset(4)CH_(2))overset(3)CH_(2)underset(OH)underset(|)overset(2)CHoverset(1)CH_(3)`
(iii) `overset(3)CH_(3)overset(2)CH_(2)underset("1-Ethylpro pryl")underset(|)overset(1)(CHCH_(2)CH_(3))rarroverset(1)CH_(3)overset(2)(CH_(2))underset("Pentan e-3-ol")(underset(OH)underset(|)overset(3)(CH)overset(4)(CH_(2))overset(5)CH_(3)`
Isopentane
`overset(1^(@)b)(CH_(3))overset(1^(@)b)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(CH)underset(3^@)CH_(2)underset(2^(@))overset(1^(@)a)CH_(3)`
Four alkyl groups derived from isopentane and corresponding alcohols:
(iv) `overset(4)(C)H_(3)-underset("3-Methylbutyl")overset(CH_(3))overset(3|)(CH)-overset(2)(CH_(2))-overset(1)CH_(2)- rarroverset(4)CH_(3)-underset("3-Methylbutan")(overset(CH_(3))overset(3|)(CH)-overset(2)CH_(2)-overset(1)CH_(2)-OH)`
(v)`overset(3)(C)H_(3)-overset(CH_(3))overset(2|)(C)H-underset("1,2-Dimethylpropyl")underset(|)overset(1)(C)H-CH_(3)rarroverset(4)(C)H_(3)overset(CH_(3))overset(3|)(CH)-underset("3-Methylbutan-2-ol")(underset(OH)underset(|)overset(2)(CH)-overset(1)CH_(3))`
(vi) `CH_(3)-underset("1,1-Dimethylpropyl")(underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(1|)C-overset(2)CH_(2))-overset(3)CH_(3)rarroverset(1)(CH_(3))-underset("2-Methylbuta n-1-ol ")(underset(OH)underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(2|)C-overset(3)CH_(2)-overset(4)CH_(3))`
(vii) `-overset(1)CH_(2)-underset(2-Methylbutyl)(overset(CH_(3))overset(3|)(CH))-overset(3)(CH_(2))-overset(4)(CH_(3))rarrOH-overset(1)(CH_(2))-underset(2-Methylbuta n-1-ol)(overset(CH_(3))overset(2|)(CH)-overset(3)CH_(2)-overset(4)(CH_(3)))`
Neopentane
`overset(1^(@))(CH_(3))underset(1^(@)CH_(3))underset(|)overset(1^(@))overset(CH_(3))overset(|)C CH_(2)^(1^(@))`
Alkyl group derived from neopentane and corresponding alcohol:
(viii) `overset(3)(CH_(3))-underset(2,2-"Dimethylpropyl")(underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(3|)C-overset(1)(CH_(2))-) rarroverset(2)(CH_(3))-underset(2,2-"Dimethylpropan-1-ol")(underset(CH_(3))underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(2|)C-overset(1)CH_(2)-OH`


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