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Correct option is  C) CaOCl₂  

B) a → ii, b →i, c → iv, d → iii

Correct option is   A) H₂/Cl₂ 

D) all of these

Correct option is (B) Hydrogen.

The gas liberated will produce a pop sound in presence of burning candle which is the test of Hydrogen 

Correct option is  B) hydrogen

D) All of these

Correct option is  B) onion

D) HCl, NaOH

• Sodium hydroxide – NaOH 
• Potassium hydroxide – KOH

On dissolving in water, a strong base dissociates almost completely and the resulting aqueous solution contains mainly OH ions and the concerned basic radicals, 

e.g. NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)₂ , Na₂O.

• Sodium hydroxide – NaOH 
• Potassium hydroxide – KOH 
• Calcium hydroxide – Ca(OH)₂

• Hydrochloric acid – HCl 
• Sulphuric acid – H₂SO₄

• Hydrochloric acid – HCl 
• Sulphuric acid – H₂SO₄ 
• Nitric acid – HNO₃

• Cation (positive ion/ basic radical) 
• Anion (negative ion/acidic radical).

• On dissolving in water, an ionic compound forms an aqueous solution. 
• In the solid state, the oppositely charged ions in the ionic compound are sitting side by side.
• When an ionic compound being to dissolve in water, the water molecules push themselves in between the ions of the compound and it separates them from each other, that is to say, an ionic compound dissociates while forming an aqueous solution.

• The outermost shell of both Na⁺ and Cl^- ions is a complete octet. 
• An electronic configuration with a complete octet indicates a stable state.
• A molecule of NaCl has Na⁺ and Cl^- ions. An ionic bond is formed between these ions.
• The force of attraction between them is very strong as it is formed between the oppositely charged Na⁺ and Cl^- ions.
• Therefore NaCl, an ionic compound has very high stability.

• Buttermilk contains an organic acid called as lactic acid. 
• The lactic acid reacts with copper and brass and forms toxic compounds which are not fit for consumption. 
• They are harmful and may cause food poisoning. 
• So it is not advisable to keep buttermilk in brass or copper containers.

Correct option is C) HNO₃

C) Na₂ZnO₂ , H₂ 

Correct option is (C) Na₂ZnO₂ , H₂

Correct option is  B) Na₂ZnO₂ 

Correct option is  C) NH₄OH 

Based on the position of the central atom in the periodic chart, we predict that the strongest acid is H₂Te .

C) Both A and B

Correct option is  D) potenz

Correct option is: (c) Acid

D) Universal indicators

D) to neutralize the excess acid in the stomach

The substances which neutralises the effect of acids are called antacids.

Acetic acid (CH₃COOH).

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

1. Neutralisation reaction: 

The process in which a definite amount and volume of acid and base react to form salt and water. A large amount of heat is also produced in the reaction.

This process is called Neutralisation. 

For example: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O + heat

D) Both A and B

Correct option is  B) OH^-_(aq) 

Litmus: To determine acidity or basicity of any substance, litmus is most commonly used as natural indicator. Litmus is obtained from lichen. It is used both as a solution and as strips of paper. These strips of paper are called litmus paper. There are two types of litmus papers: Red litmus and blue litmus.

(a) Lichen

(b) Red and Blue Litmus Paper Turmeric paper: Take some turmeric powder in a spoon. Mix small amount of water in it and make a paste. Spread this paste in a piece of white paper. Cut into small strips after drying. Now, turmeric paper is ready to use.

Litmus is obtained by Lichen

C) Dry hydrogen chloride gas

The nature of solution is acidic. Acids turns blue litmus red.

1. (c) 

2. (a) 

3. (b) 

4. (e) 

5. (d)

Correct option is  A) 5

Litmus and Turmeric.

Properties of bases: 

1. They are bitter in taste. 

2. Soapy to touch.

3. Turns red litmus blue.

1. Limewater – Calcium hydroxide- (Ca (OH)₂) 

2. Soaps – Sodium hydroxide – NaOH 

3. Milk of Magnesia – Magnesium Hydroxide (Mg (OH₂))

1. Sulphuric acid: It is generally known as Acid of Sulphur. Its chemical formula is H₂SO₄. It is used in preparation of fertilisers like ammonium sulphate, in batteries, in colouring, textile industries etc.

2. Nitric acid: Its chemical formula is HNO₃ . It is used in preparation of aqua regia, ammonium nitrate fertilisers, purification of gold and silver, crackers and explosives, T.N.T, dynamite etc.

3. Hydrochloric acid: It is generally known as acid of salt. Its chemical formula is HCl. It is used in toilet cleaning and in formation of chlorine and salt at industrial level.

4. Acetic acid: It is generally known as Vinegar. Its chemical formula is CH₃COOH. It is used in making pickles, medicines and in cellulose acetate (photo film).

1. Sodium hydroxide: It is also known as Caustic soda. Its chemical formula is NaOH. It is used in washing utensils and formation of soaps. 

2. calcium oxide: It is known as quick lime. Its chemical formula is CaO. It is used in white washing and in formation of ammonia, extraction of iron etc,

Acids and bases react to form salt and water in neutralisation reaction.

Excessive use of chemical fertilisers in fields make soil acidic which is harmful for growth ofplants. More acidity or basicity of soil decreases the fertility of the soil. Therefore, to reduce acidity of soil quick lime or slaked lime is mixed in the soil. If soil is basic, then organic products in the form of manure is mixed in the soil.

• Compounds having H⁺ as the basic radical in their molecules are called Acids. 
• Compounds having OH^- as the acidic radical in their molecule are called Bases. 
• Ionic compounds which have a basic radical other than H⁺ and an acidic radical other than OH^- are called salts.

1. bases are bitter in taste and soapy to touch.

2. They turn red litmus blue.