Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct option is (C) Shiva

Correct option is (D) Brahmins

• Paliya is a kind of epitaph.
• However, it is erected only for those who attained martyrdom for the protection and reformation of the country.
• It is a symbol of sacrifice.
• These are memorial stones erected as a tribute to martyrs.
• During a festival, Paliyas are worshipped and songs describing the glory of the heroes (in whose memories Paliyas were built) are sung.
• Paliyas play an important role in passing the culture of our country from one generation to another.

Correct option is (B) Mehsana

1. Lokdayaro

2. Prince

3. Public welfare

4. Ministers

5. Gram Panchayat

6. Mukhi, Sarpanch

7. Mukhi/Sarpanch

8. Gramsabha

9. Feudal lords

10. Sanskrit

Memorial stones erected as a tribute to martyrs.

Correct option is (A) Sacrifice

A. There was change in administration of the kingdom, B. Many social changes took place.

Important Poetry:

• The great poet of Medieval Era, Magha, composed an epic ‘Shishupalvadha’ in Sanskrit. This epic revolves around the story of the killing of Shishupal by Lord Krishna.
• Another poet, Shriharsh, also wrote an epic in the form of poetry called ‘Naishadacharita’. This epic revolves around the story of Nal and Damyanti.
• Apart from these two classics, poems were also composed describing the Krishna bhakti (devotion to Lord Krishna) done by Radha and Gopis.
• Many poems have also been written about the life and achievements of the kings. ‘Kumarapal Charita’ is one such poems.

Revenue:

Land revenue was the chief source of income for the king and his kingdom. Each kingdom had its own way of deciding the amount of revenue to be collected. However, as per a general trend, the sixth part of the revenue generated from crop cultivation was collected as land revenue. It was the task of the feudal lord or landlord to collect taxes. The lords gave some part of the tax to the king for the administration of the state and kept the remaining amount with them to maintain the army. Apart from the land revenue, people also paid few other taxes. Moreover, taxes were also collected at ports and octroi centers.

• Rajput kings were lovers of art and literature.
• Hence, there was a great progress of art and literature in the Medieval Era.
• The kings patronized (a kind of sponsorship) scholars, academicians and literary figures.
• The great authors of this age composed many literary works in Sanskrit, Prakrit, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, etc.

A. Works of Hemchandracharaya:

• The great Jain saint, Guru Hemchandracharaya, composed ‘Kumarpal Charita’ which is a long poetry-based work on the King of Gujarat, belonging to Solanki dynasty, called Raja Kumarpal.
• He also wrote a grammar book called ‘Siddhem Shabdanushashan’. The word ‘Siddh’ refers to the name of King Siddhraj Jaisinh, the ruling king and ‘hem’ refers to Hemchandracharya.
• This book was appreciated so much that it was kept on the elephant and its procession was carried out in Patan to honour it.

B. Important Poetry:

• The great poet of Medieval Era, Magha, composed an epic ‘Shishupalvadha’ in Sanskrit. This epic revolves around the story of the killing of Shishupal by Lord Krishna.
• Another poet, Shriharsh, also wrote an epic in the form of poetry called ‘Naishadacharita’. This epic revolves around the story of Nal and Damyanti.
• Apart from these two classics, poems were also composed describing the Krishna bhakti (devotion to Lord Krishna) done by Radha and Gopis.
• Many poems have also been written about the life and achievements of the kings. ‘Kumarapal Charita’ is one such poems.

C. Other important works:

• Along with poems, dramas were also written during this age.
• The great dramatist Bhavbhuti wrote ‘Uttaramcharita’ during this era.
• Pandit Narayana composed a collection of stories called ‘Hitopdesh’. These stories were based on the stories of Panchtantra.
• Apart from these, Vishakhadatta wrote ‘Mudrarakshash’, Kalhana wrote ‘Rajtarangini’, Bilhan wrote ‘Vikramakadev Charit’, Somdeva wrote ‘Kathasaritsagar’, Chandbardai wrote ‘Prithviraj Raso’ and Merutunga wrote ‘Prabodhchintamani’.
• Thus the Rajput Era was a golden era for art and literature.

The following points explain the administrative system of the kingdoms of Rajput Era:

A. Succession to throne:

The succession to throne was hereditary. The son of the king became the king. However, it was not necessary that the eldest son only became the king. The king could enthrone any son of his choice. The heir selected by the king was called the Prince of the state. There are a few exceptional cases in the Rajput Era where the king was selected by the people or the ministers. Fox example, King Yashaskara of Kashmir was selected and enthroned by a group of Brahmins while King Kumarpala of Gujarat was enthroned by the ministers of the royal court.

B. Division of labour:

Kings of this era purely worked for the welfare of the people. The king appointed various ministers for proper administration and management of his kingdom. These were different ministers for different works. Yet there are a few cases of maladministration in history where the people suffered a lot.

C. Village administration:

The kingdom was divided into different villages. The villages had seif- rule institutions which played an important role in the administration of villages. These institutes were called Panchayats. Each village had its own Panchayat whose head was called the Mukhi or Sarpanch. The Mukhi or Sarpanch was responsible for the protection and justice of the village. His words were the final verdict. However, in some cases, instead of the Mukhi or Sarpanch, the Gramsabha passed judgment and punished the culprits. Even today, Gram Panchayats and/or Mukhi exist at village level.

D. Revenue:

Land revenue was the chief source of income for the king and his kingdom. Each kingdom had its own way of deciding the amount of revenue to be collected. However, as per a general trend, the sixth part of the revenue generated from crop cultivation was collected as land revenue. It was the task of the feudal lord or landlord to collect taxes. The lords gave some part of the tax to the king for the administration of the state and kept the remaining amount with them to maintain the army. Apart from the land revenue, people also paid few other taxes. Moreover, taxes were also collected at ports and octroi centers.

(D) Kathasaritsagar

(C) Tales of Panchtantra

A collection of stories based on Panchtantra composed by Pandit Narayana.

Correct option is (D) Bhavbhuti

A drama written by Bhavbhuti in Rajput Era.

(A) Vishakhadatta

(B) Nal, Damyanti

An epic written by poet Shriharsh describing the story of Nal and Damyanti.

Correct option is (C) Kashmir

A. Kumarpal Charita – biography of Solanki King, Kumarpal of Gujarat,

B. Siddhem Shabdanushashan a grammar book.

(A) Sun Temple of Konark

(A) Siddhem Shabdanushashan

Correct option is (B) 7

Cave architecture:

• Many caves were painted and decorated during the Rajput Era.
• There are caves depicting the culture of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism in the Ellora caves of Maharashtra.
• Among all the caves of Ellora, the cave in which the Kailash temple is located is very grand and artistic.
• The Elephanta Caves near Mumbai are also beautifully carved and sculpted.
• There is a beautiful sculpture of the three faced Lord Shiva in these caves.
• The temples and caves of India were so artistic and minutely carved that many foreign invaders have tried to loot and plunder them many a times.

The famous temples of India are:

1. Khajuraho temple of Madhya Pradesh
2. Puri temple of Bhubaneswar
3. Sun temple of Konark
4. Martand temple of Kashmir
5. Sun temple of Modhera
6. Minakshi temple of Madurai
7. Somnath temple of Gujarat
8. Kailash temple of Ellora caves

Apart from these, the temples located at Girnar, Sankheshwar, Shetrunjay, Ambaji, Dwarka, Shamlaji, etc. in Gujarat are also very famous.

Correct option is (D) South

Correct option is (A) Drama

The heir selected by the king to succeed his throne.

For proper administration and management of the state.

The protection and justice of the village.

The Sultan of Gazna who looted and plundered India many times.

(B) Bhimdev Solanki

Shah-bud-din Ghori.

Iltutmish was the first Sultan of Delhi to issue regular currency and declare Delhi as the capital of his empire. He was the third ruler of Delhi Sultanate which was related to the Mamluk Dynasty. The Delhi Sultanate was one of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526) spread over a large part of Delhi, located in the Islamic Empire. The Delhi Sultanate over five dynasties successively ruled that the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khilji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Syed dynasty. (1814–1851) and the Lodhi dynasty (1851–1527). It included parts of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.

Iltumish, which is also called Shams al-Din Iltutmish, Iltutmish also wrote Altamash, (2 April 9, 1236), the third and great Delhi Sultan of the so-called Das Dynasty. Iltomish was sold in slavery, but his master’s daughter was married, Cube Al-Din Abak. He strengthened and expanded the Muslim empire in Northern India and took the capital to Delhi, where he built a big win.

An intelligent and patient politician, which was trained as a trusted administrator under its predecessor Mu’izz Al-Din Muamad ibn Samay and qutb al-Din, did not only face the entry of the Iltutmish. In 1225, he forced the Bengali governor to accept the rights of Delhi, and immediately after that he consolidated Muslim Holdings again. Iltutmish Mongol was able to preserve his kingdom against the illusion of attacks, which matches his reign, and he succeeded in making an administrative machinery for the empire.

He demanded the 11th century Islamic classics on the art of government; And half al-Muluk (“the conduct of kings”), the first Indo-Muslim classic on the art of government and war was written for them. He was tolerant of Hindus despite his advisors, and he made Waterworks, Mosques and amenities in Delhi to create a suitable seat of the government for the first time. His reign and his advisor, especially Vizier Juni, was appreciated by contemporary people.

Correct option is (C) Ministers

(C) Hemchandracharya

Correct option is (D) Patan

Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

Correct option is (D) Konark

Because it has been given the shape of a chariot driven by seven horses.

Sun Temple of Konark:

• There are many temples of Sun God in India.
• The most renowned one is the Sun temple of Konark in Orissa.
• This marvelous piece of art was built during the Rajput Age.
• It has been given the shape of a chariot driven by seven horses.
• The brilliance of this temple has been praised all over the world.

(a) Sun Temples:

(1) Sun Temple of Konark:

• There are many temples of Sun God in India.
• The most renowned one is the Sun temple of Konark in Orissa.
• This marvelous piece of art was built during the Rajput Age.
• It has been given the shape of a chariot driven by seven horses.
• The brilliance of this temple has been praised all over the world.

(2) Sun Temple of Modhera:

• The Sun Temple of Modhera is located in the Mehsana district of Gujarat.
• It is also an excellent piece of architecture because it has been built in such a way that the first rays of the sun directly fall on the idol in the temple.

(3) Sun temple of Kashmir:

Apart from the two temples mentioned above, the Martand temple of Kashmir is also equally famous.

A. Sun temple of Konark, 

B. Sun temple of Modhera, 

C. Martand temple of Kashmir

(A) Madhya Pradesh

(A) Madhya Pradesh

Sanskrit, Prakrit, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, etc.