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In AEM, Sling is USED to create web applications. Web applications that are MOSTLY content-oriented can be developed USING the FRAMEWORK. It is built on top of the JCR and is based on REST concepts (Java Content Repository). It's used to store and manage the Java Repository's content.

• parsys: It's known as the "Paragraph System" COMPONENT, and it ALLOWS you to add other COMPONENTS to a page.
• iparsys: It's an INHERITED paragraph system that TAKES after the "paragraph system" of the parent page.

• A bundle is a collection of tightly coupled, dynamically loadable classes, jars, and configuration files that SPECIFICALLY indicate their external dependencies (if any). A Java ARCHIVE file containing Java code, resources, and a manifest that identifies the bundle and its dependencies is known as an OSGi bundle. A bundle is the smallest unit of modularization. ALONG with out-of-the-box bundles, we can easily install our own custom bundles in AEM.
• A Package is a zip file that contains content in the form of a file-system serialisation (ALSO termed as "VAULT" serialisation) that displays content from the repository as a simple-to-use-and- modify the representation of the filesystem. Packages can contain content as well as project-related information.

MANY of the OSGI DESIGN PATTERNS are relevant to AEM because it is built on OSGi. Design patterns include Singleton (Service), Adapter Service, Resource Adapter Service, and Whiteboard. Because AEM is modular, you should be ABLE to utilise any design pattern in your project.

Redirects, vanity URLs, and virtual hosts are all defined via resource mapping in AEM. To OBSCURE the internal structure of the AEM site from VISITORS, utilise resource mapping to prefix all requests with "/content." You can ALSO create a REDIRECT using resource mapping, which will SEND all requests to your site's doorway page to some other site. 

 Replication agents are central to AEM. These are the MECHANISMS USED by Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) to:

• Activate (PUBLISH) content from an author to a publish ENVIRONMENT.
• Flush content from the Dispatcher cache deliberately.
• Deliver user input from the publish environment to the author environment (for example, form input) (under control of the author environment).

AEM is normally RUNNING in two different instances in a production environment. The author instance is one, and the publish instance is ANOTHER. These two instances are typically kept in SEPARATE locations. You'll enter and administer content for your website in the author instance. This is also where you are going to manage your website. Typically, the author's environment is kept behind a firewall. You'll make your content available to your selected audience in the publish instance. In most cases, the PUBLISHING environment is preserved in a DEMILITARIZED Zone (DMZ).

The FOLLOWING are the BASIC SCR annotations for constructing an OSGi COMPONENT or service:

@Component — this attribute indicates that the class is a component.

@Service – specifies the service interface that the component provides.

@Reference — injects a reference to service into a component.

@Property — DEFINES a class property.

An xtype is a metaphorical NAME for a class in the EXTJS language. These XTYPES are widgets in AEM that are used to create components. AEM offers a NUMBER of widgets that are ready to use right now. You may also utilise AEM to develop and define your custom xtype. When establishing a dialog for your component, for example, if you want that the author should be able to provide/enter text, you would add a “cq:Widget” with the xtype PROPERTY of “textfield.”

Dialogs & DESIGN Dialogs are the group of widgets employed to OBTAIN input from the author. These are the most IMPORTANT parts of a component since they allow the author to communicate with the CQ5 component. It indicates that values entered by the author in these dialogs are USED as input for a CQ5 component.

When you wish to work with an out-of-the-box component (Each out-of-the-box component is a set of scripts that completely perform a particular task in order to ACHIEVE the desired functionality) in AEM as well as wish to incorporate more functionality to it and change it OVERALL instances of that component, you use the overlay/override component. If you want to incorporate functionality to the out-of-the-box "TEXT" component but don't want to develop a NEW ONE, you can copy the "text" component to "apps/foundation/components" from "libs/foundation/components" while maintaining the same folder structure. Any modifications made to this new component will be mirrored in the out-of-the-box "text" component, without requiring any changes to the existing code under "libs". Modifying the original code is often not a smart idea, therefore, CQ allows you to utilise overlays.

 One can add digital assets to the DAM by using the graphical user interface or WEBDAV (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning) access. If you're using the graphical user interface, all you have to do is browse for the files you want to add, and CQ will build metadata for them in the DAM folder. When you need to upload a big number of assets at once, you'll most LIKELY use WebDav which is essentially a set of extensions to the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) that allow user agents to collaboratively write contents straightforwardly in an HTTP web server by OFFERING concurrency control and namespace operations, letting the Web to be seen as as an editable, COLLABORATIVE medium RATHER than a read-only medium.

Client-side processing, AIDED by advanced JavaScript and CSS code, is used widely on modern websites. Organizing and improving the code's servicing can be a difficult task.

AEM includes Client-side Library Folders to help with this problem. These folders allow you to store client-side code in the repository, organise it into CATEGORIES, and determine when and how each category of code is given to the client. The client-side library system then creates the appropriate links in your FINAL webpage to load the appropriate code. The AEM client library is responsible for managing all Javascript, client-side code, and CSS RESOURCES such as pictures and fonts. It AIDS in resource and code maintenance, debugging, merging, and minimization.

BUNDLES that can be dynamically installed, started, paused, UPDATED, and deleted are added by the OSGi Life-Cycle layer. The security architecture protects all aspects of the life cycle.

The OSGi LIFECYCLE can be broken down into the following steps:

• INSTALLED- The bundle has been installed in the OSGi container, but some of its dependencies have still to be satisfied. The bundle requires packages that haven't been exported by any of the other bundles that are presently installed.
• RESOLVED- The bundle has been installed, and the OSGi system has connected and resolved all of the dependencies at the class level. The bundle is now ready to use. When a bundle is started, it skips this state if all of the bundle's dependencies are met.
• STARTING -It is the temporary state in which the bundle exists while it is being loaded after all dependencies have been resolved. The BundleActivator.start METHOD will be invoked, but it hasn't returned YET.
• ACTIVE - The bundle is active, however, it is disabled while Spring is working. Spring examines the Spring setup and creates the context before passing it on to the plugin. In order to make instances of each plugin module, the plugin requires context.
• STOPPING - It is a brief state in which the bundle is in when it is stopping. Although the BundleActivator.stop function has been called, it has yet to return.
• UNINSTALLED - The bundle has been removed from the OSGi container.

OSGi (Open Service Gateway Initiative) is a Java platform for creating and deploying modular software. The FOLLOWING are the key advantages of utilising OSGI:

• Applications are more adaptive to changing requirements, more portable, and easier to re-engineer.
• The framework delivers the SPRING Framework's declarative assembly and simplified UNIT testing in a standardised version that is given as part of the application server RUNTIME rather than as a third-party library installed as part of the application.
• The framework is compatible with the Java EE programming model, allowing you to deploy a web application as a collection of versioned OSGi bundles with a dynamic lifespan.
• It simplifies and standardizes third-party library integration by allowing administrators to manage application bundle dependencies and versions.
• Enterprise applications made out of several, versioned bundles with dynamic lifecycles benefit from the framework's separation.
• It comes with a built-in bundle repository that can STORE common and versioned bundles that are shared among several applications, preventing each application from deploying its own copy of each common library.
• External bundle repositories are accessible to OSGi apps.
• At the module level, the framework encourages service-oriented design.
• It makes the components straightforward to handle since the components can be added, deleted, updated, launched, and terminated at run time.
• It improves the system's performance because components of the application that aren't in use don't have to be loaded into memory.

REST (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style and communication strategy that is frequently utilised in the creation of web services. It uses a client-server communications protocol that is stateless and cacheable. HTTP REQUESTS are used by RESTful APPS to post, read, and wipe out DATA. Uniform interface, stateless, cacheable, client-server, layered system, and code on demand are the six architectural constraints of REST.

The workflow feature in AEM allows USERS to automate tasks in the CMS (Content Management System) instance. A workflow is a well-defined series of actions that include participants, a process, and possibly CERTAIN tools. When many procedures can execute simultaneously, they might be either sequential or parallel. In AEM, a workflow is similar to a flowchart in that it outlines a series of procedures that must be completed by various participants in order to produce the desired result.

A workflow model is a container or template for the workflow that logically connects the workflow steps.

• By default, it has a start and an end node (along with an optional PARTICIPANT step).
• It can contain a variety of nodes as well as the transitions that connect them. The workflow nodes can RECEIVE any type of input from the author and process it using Java code or ECMA scripts.
• Workflow payload is a term that REFERS to a resource that the workflow will use to carry out its tasks.

 A content management SYSTEM (CMS) is a chunk of software for creating and managing files and Web sites. Since a LOT of websites and web applications are dynamic, their content must be updated on a regular basis. It is advised that you USE a content management system to effectively handle these modifications. Adobe Content Management System is one of the numerous CMS SUPPLIERS accessible.

 In AEM 6.0, Sightly was introduced as an HTML templating language. It is intended to replace JSP FILES and is the primary HTML templating solution. The word "sightly" implies "pleasant to the eye," and its goal is to make your markup look nice and tidy. The following benefits of USING Sightly:

• Lightweight — There are no dependencies, thus it is quick and lean.
• Secure - Contextual XSS (Cross-site scripting) prevention and URL externalisation are both automatic.
• Powerful – A simple logic API that ALLOWS you to perform almost anything.
• Intuitive - A FEATURE set that is clear, basic, and limited. 

THREE technologies MAKE up the CQ5 technological stack. Apache Sling, OSGi (Apache Felix), and the Java Content Repository (JCR) are the technologies in the discussion. Apache Sling is a RESTful framework for interacting with a JCR via the HTTP protocol. The request URL will then be mapped to the JCR node. OSGi is a Java framework that allows for the construction of modular applications. During runtime, each module, REFERRED to as a bundle, can be stopped and started individually. The JSR-170 API is used by the Java Content Repository to access the content repository using Java, regardless of the physical implementation. CQ5 uses CRX, which is its own JCR implementation.

A content repository is ESSENTIALLY a storage LOCATION for digital content. The content repository's structure is often hierarchical and represented as a TREE structure, with each node of the tree serving as a storage location for content.

Java Content Repository is a Java community specification for accessing content repositories in a consistent MANNER (platform-independent and vendor-independent way). JSR-170(JCR 1.0) was the first version of the specification, and version 2 was released subsequently (JCR-283). The javax.JCR API gives ACCESS to a content repository through multiple classes and interfaces.

The AEM Connector works with a wide range of search systems, from open-source LIKE Elasticsearch and Solr to commercial solutions like Azure Search, SharePoint Search, Endeca, and others, similar to our search engine independent CONNECTORS. The AEM connector allows businesses to scan and publish their websites and digital assets from within an AEM server to their existing search engines. This allows all search tasks to be completed within the search engine, minimising the AEM server's processing burden and offering a variety of search CAPABILITIES, from basic to advanced.

It has throttling tools and PROCEDURES to control the number of requests made in a given time period, allowing the connector to send many queries to the AEM server without affecting its performance or availability. It allows exclusive individuals and groups to securely view the documents meant for them.

A Template helps you to set a uniform style for your application's pages. It also specifies which components (reusable modules) are PERMITTED to be used within the scope chosen. It's a tree of NODES with the same structure as the page you're going to make. It is devoid of any actual content. AEM offers static as well as editable templates. Templates are used in AEM at several points:

• When building a new page, you would first choose a template that will serve as the FOUNDATION for the new page. The template specifies the structure of the final page, as well as any starting content and possible components (design PROPERTIES).
• You would also choose a template when generating a Content FRAGMENT. The structure, basic elements, and variants are all defined in this template.

 In AEM, components are reusable modules that execute specific application logic to generate our website's content. The material available on your web pages is held, formatted, and rendered using AEM components. The components ALLOW authors to change and configure content while creating pages. A JSP (Java Server Pages) or HTML FILE is frequently INCLUDED in a component. HTML files provide the component's HTML markup as well as some business logic. A typical AEM page is MADE up of a lot of different elements. To put it another way, Components are the basic BUILDING blocks of AEM pages.

AEM Explorer is an acronym for Application Explorer Missions, which is developed for readers with low EYESIGHT, PHYSICAL limitations, learning and attentional impairments who might benefit from larger, SPOKEN, HIGHLIGHTED, or re-formatted text. It makes no mention of Braille, and the Explorer presumes that the guide who is using the program has a VISION.

For automated tests for your AEM UI, AEM provides the Bobcat testing FRAMEWORK. This framework, which provides a JAVASCRIPT API for generating tests, allows you to WRITE and run UI tests directly in a web browser. It also makes use of Hobbes.js, a Javascript-based testing package. The Hobbes.js framework was created as part of the development process for testing AEM and is now available for public usage for testing your AEM apps. It's an open-source TEST automation framework for web application functional testing.

Before version 5.5, CQ was built on a servlet container (CQSE by default, but others may be used) that ran multiple web applications: one for the CRX content REPOSITORY and ANOTHER for the OSGi container, which contained Sling and AEM. The majority of the request processing was handled by the Sling web app, which was connected to the root. The following are some POINTS to remember for CQ5.5:

• The OSGi container is at the root of CQ 5.5 and AEM, with the OSGi HTTP service, supported by Sling, acting as the only request handling endpoint.
• Along with the many services that make up the rest of the AEM functionality, the CRX content repository is now just another OSGi service. These modifications have no impact on AEM or Sling-based apps.
• Because of the new design, AEM's quickstart jar installation can no longer enable the use of other web applications alongside AEM.
• The war version of AEM, on the other hand, is designed to be installed in an application server alongside other web applications.
• Three new connectors for Adobe products – Creative Suite, Scene7, and Search&Promote – have been added.
• The AUTHORS will be able to work directly on mobile applications.
• Hybrid software was partnered with to GIVE some wonderful eCommerce functionality.
• Undo(Ctrl+z) and Redo(Ctrl+y) functions have been added.

The capacity to build custom digital experiences that are customised to the particular user is AEM's MAJOR benefit. AEM lets customers manage digital content efficiently by providing best-in-class features such as content workflows, digital asset management, social, and multi-channel collaboration. AEM is an amazing solution for managing mobile applications, mobile websites, eCommerce, and marketing campaigns, in addition to simple website management. AEM provides a road ahead for digital marketing when combined with other Adobe Marketing Cloud tools.

Without having to work on numerous sets of assets, AEM allows you to create unlimited customizable variations of your website, including the format, distribution method, styles, and more. By connecting with Adobe CREATIVE Cloud to develop and modify assets, AEM makes it simple to connect your creative and marketing workflows. With straightforward content authoring, AEM enables your team to design, build, and manage interactive and responsive digital experiences. An easy-to-use interface can be used to handle images, videos, content, and any other content components. Adobe Analytics data can help you create TAILORED and targeted experiences. EXAMINE your customers' habits and make the required changes to your website to boost engagement and income.