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The CORRECT option is (d) All of the mentioned

Explanation: Ethylene GLYCOL ethyl ether belongs to three major chemical FAMILIES: it contains an alcoholic GROUP (-OH), a hydrocarbon group, (-CH2-CH2) and an ether group (-CH2-OC2H5) and it is not surprising that this compound and its homologues have proved to be useful solvents.

Correct option is (B) As dispersing agent

Best EXPLANATION: DIETHYLAMINE finds extensive use in the preparation of wetting and dispersing agents and enters into many SYNTHESES.

The correct CHOICE is (c) ANTIPYRETIC & ANALGESIC

The best I can explain: ACETOPHENETIDINE is an important analgesic and antipyretic that has attained widespread use in medicine.

The correct CHOICE is (b) False

Explanation: Cumene has long been an IMPORTANT constituent of AVIATION and high-quality MOTOR FUELS.

The correct option is (a) Lowers

The best explanation: A high TEMPERATURE lowers the quality of alkylate, but too high or too LOW a temperature results in excess ORGANIC fluoride formation. A temperature of 27°C results in alkylate about ONE octane unit better than that obtained at 46°C.

The correct answer is (B) Vapour

Best EXPLANATION: The ‘thermal alkylation’ takes place in vapour phase and is used to alkylate in petroleum INDUSTRY.

Correct option is (b) PETROLEUM

For explanation I would say: Alkylate for the Petroleum Industry. The manufacture of the so-called “alkylate” has furnished an IMPORTANT constituent of high-quality MOTOR and aviation FUELS.

Right answer is (c) DETERGENTS

For explanation I would say: Alkyl aryl is USED to designate the predominantly IMPORTANT class of ALIPHATIC aromatic organic compounds which are sulfonated to manufacture detergents.

Correct CHOICE is (d) All of the mentioned

For EXPLANATION: Corrosion may be caused by the catalyst used in the alkylation or by the HYDROGEN HALIDES FORMED by hydrolysis of alkyl halides. However, there are many cases in which the agents used in alkylation are corrosive.

The correct choice is (a) Methyl

Best EXPLANATION: Phenol was the FIRST antiseptic used, and a thorough study of its derivatives has been made. The SUBSTITUTION of a methyl group for the hydrogen in the ring of phenol, forming the CRESOLS, INCREASES the antiseptic action.

The correct OPTION is (b) Recovery unit

The explanation is: Recovery of Alkylated PRODUCT. WHEREVER possible, rectification furnishes the most convenient and cheapest procedure. This technique is USED extensively in the petroleum FIELD.

Correct answer is (a) True

To elaborate: ALKYLATION often CAUSES very poisonous COMPOUNDS to lose this EFFECT, e.g., thenitriles (RCN) and isonitriles (R-N C) are poisonous only when HCN is split off.

Right choice is (d) All of the mentioned

To EXPLAIN I WOULD say: Because of the RELATIVELY high temperatures USED in thermal alkylation, some cracking, dehydrogenation, and ISOMERIZATION of the hydrocarbons occur in most cases.

The correct choice is (C) High

Best explanation: PARAFFINS can be alkylated in the ABSENCE of catalysts at sufficiently high temperatures, about 500°C, so that a small amount of the paraffins will DECOMPOSE into FREE radicals.

Right choice is (d) All of the mentioned

Best explanation: SIDE reactions such as polymerization, isomerization, hydrogen TRANSFER, and destructive alkylation occur during the catalytic alkylation of isoparaffins and AROMATICS with OLEFINS.

Right option is (c) INCREASE ACIDITY

The best I can explain: The ROLE of hydrogen chloride when used with aluminium chloride is to increase the acidity of the CATALYST and hence make it more EFFECTIVE.

The correct CHOICE is (a) Protonic acid

Easy explanation: EITHER Friedel-Crafts or protonic acid CATALYSTS are often used when LIQUID ISOPARAFFINS or aromatic hydrocarbons are alkylated with olefins.

The correct choice is (b) False

The best I can explain: CARBON alkylations are GENERALLY exothermic REACTION.

Right answer is (a) True

To ELABORATE: The Grignard synthesis is particularly APPLICABLE for making MIXED ETHERS.

The correct CHOICE is (c) HIGHER

The best explanation: The higher alkyl (C10 and above) esters of p-toluene sulfonic acid have been USED as alkylating agents for amines, mercaptans, and thiophenols and for phenolic GROUPS.

Right choice is (d) BENZYL CHLORIDE

Easy explanation: In Aralkyl HALIDES, benzyl chloride is ALMOST UNIVERSALLY used for the introduction of the benzyl group, for instance, in the preparation of benzylethylaniline from ethylaniline.

Correct choice is (a) HIGHER

To ELABORATE: The alkyl SULPHATES often give higher yields than the alkyl halides but EXCEPT for METHYL and ethyl sulphates are more expensive.

Right option is (d) All of the mentioned

To elaborate: ALCOHOLS are used in the manufacture of ethers, such as ORDINARY ETHYL ether, ISOPROPYL ether, Cariboo, Cellosolve, and naphthyl METHYL ether.

Right choice is (a) True

The best I can explain: The olefins tend to POLYMERIZE and are, THEREFORE, often EMPLOYED in the presence of an EXCESS of the other reactant, which MAY be benzene or isobutane.

The correct choice is (C) Ethylene

Explanation: Ethylene and PROPYLENE are obtained from petroleum-cracking OPERATIONS.

The CORRECT OPTION is (d) All of the mentioned

The explanation is: The alkylating AGENTS EMPLOYED most extensively for carbon-carbon alkylations are ethylene, propylene, butylenes, and amylenes.

The CORRECT option is (a) True

To elaborate: ANILINE can ALSO be alkylated in the vapour phase at temperatures of about 400°C .using methanol, dimethyl ETHER, ethyl ALCOHOL, and diethyl ether.

The correct choice is (c) Tertiary nitrogen

To explain I would say: Some of the most difficult OXYGEN alkylations are those involving the ALKALOIDS, where the alkylation is often carried out to replace the HYDROGEN of the HYDROXYL group in the presence of the tertiary nitrogen of the ALKALOID.

Correct answer is (b) Sulphuric acid

To elaborate: The aliphatic ETHERS used in INDUSTRY are MADE usually by the ACTION of sulfuric acid on an ALCOHOL.

The CORRECT option is (c) Friedel-Crafts type & Protonic ACID

The explanation is: Olefin Alkylation of Aromatics. Benzene, toluene, XYLENES, naphthalene, and phenols are aromatics which are commonly alkylated. Either Friedel-Crafts type or protonic acid catalysts are NORMALLY used.

The correct choice is (b) Tertiary butyl

The explanation: The ability of FREE alkyl radicals to interact with isopropyl benzene and cyclohexene DECREASES in the FOLLOWING order: methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, sec-butyl, and tertiary butyl.

The correct option is (a) Peroxides

The best I can explain: COMPOUNDS which decompose readily into free alkyl radicals such as peroxides, mercaptans, ETC., will alkylate hydrocarbons.

Right ANSWER is (c) Nuclearly & At the NITROGEN atom

The explanation is: When ANILINE is alkylated, the alkyl group can react in MANY CASES either nuclearly or at the nitrogen atom, depending mainly on the operating conditions.

Right choice is (C) Substitution for hydrogen

To explain: the substitution of an alkyl group for hydrogen in carbon COMPOUNDS, this type of alkylation is frequently REFERRED to as alkylation of hydrocarbons, and many of the INSTANCES are NUCLEAR alkylations.

The correct answer is (b) False

Explanation: In the field of solvents, MANY new alkylated compounds have been synthesized, these being PRINCIPALLY complex ethers of ethylene GLYCOL, e.g., ethylene glycol ETHYL ether and diethylene dioxide, or p-dioxane.

Right option is (d) All of the mentioned

To explain: The products obtained as a result of alkylation shows that this unit PROCESS is used in the making of anesthetics, antipyretics, alkaloids, antiseptics, detergents, dyes, explosives, flavour’s, hypnotics, intermediates, lubricants, medicinal, PERFUMES, photographic chemicals, plasticizers, PLASTICS, RESINS, synthetic rubber, rubber chemicals (accelerators, antioxidants, modifiers, STABILIZERS), solvents, soporifics, synthetic gasoline, etc.

The correct answer is (d) All of the mentioned

Explanation: Miscellaneous alkylations. In MERCAPTANS, the alkyl group is bound to SULPHUR; in the alkyl SILANES, it is bound to silicon. There are many other miscellaneous alkylations, e.g., involving BONDING to lithium, boron, phosphorus, germanium, thallium, selenium, etc.

The CORRECT answer is (B) SUBSTITUTION to nitrogen

Easy explanation: Substitution for hydrogen ATTACHED to nitrogen. Here the ALKYL is bound to trivalent nitrogen.

The CORRECT choice is (B) Substitution in carbon compounds

For EXPLANATION: Substitution for hydrogen in carbon compounds. This is NUCLEAR alkylation when an aromatic hydrogen is substituted. The carbon of the alkyl is bound to carbon of either aliphatic or aromatic compounds. This is carbon-to-carbon alkylation and includes the alkylations hereto classified under the Friedel-Crafts REACTION.

Correct option is (c) Substitution in carbon compounds & hydroxy group

The best I can explain: Alkylation is of six general types, DEPENDING on the linkage effected. 1. Substitution for hydrogen in carbon compounds, 2. Substitution for hydrogen in the hydroxyl group of an alcohol, 3. Substitution for hydrogen attached to nitrogen, 4. Addition of an alkyl halide or an alkyl ester to a TERTIARY nitrogen compound and 5. Alkyl-metallic compounds.

The correct OPTION is (c) ALKYL

The BEST explanation: Alkylation MAY be defined as the introduction of an alkyl radical by substitution or addition into an organic compound.