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Right option is (a) Mercury

Explanation: Carbon, COPPER, zinc, cadmium, mercury, NICKEL, platinum, lead, tin, AMALGAMATED lead and zinc, and Monel metal have been used as CATHODES.

Right CHOICE is (b) Prevents the REACTION

Easy EXPLANATION: An inhibitor is an ELEMENT used to slow down the reaction rate, it is opposite of PROMOTERS.

The correct answer is (B) Sodium hydroxide

To explain: Electrolytes USED in ELECTROLYTIC reductions are SULFURIC acid, HYDROCHLORIC acid, sodium hydroxide, inorganic salts, and organic salts.

Correct OPTION is (a) Electrolytic reduction

Explanation: In electrolytic reduction we need a power source (such as potential DIFFERENCE) and reductions should be controlled CAREFULLY, high yields are often OBTAINED, and by-products are few.

The correct answer is (d) All of the mentioned

Easy explanation: Alkaline reductions are MILDER than the iron and acid reductions, and for this reason, modifications of this process find extensive use in technical operations. By UTILIZING ALKALI or metal sulphides, it is possible to control better the RATE and degree of reduction.

The correct choice is (d) All of the mentioned

To explain: The IMPORTANT USES of ALKALI or metal sulphides are: (1) PREPARATION of NITROAMINES from dinitro compounds, (2) reduction of nitrophenols (3) reduction of nitroanthraquinones, and (4) preparation of aminoazo compounds from the corresponding nitro derivatives.

The correct choice is (B) False

The explanation: The method of sulfide reductions, is more expensive than IRON and ACID or catalytic reduction and has a wide FIELD of application, particularly with respect to partial reductions and reductions in the anthraquinone series.

The correct OPTION is (b) Copper CARBONATE

The explanation is: The reaction is carried out at very SLIGHT pressure (about 5 psig) over a reduced copper carbonate catalyst at temperatures ranging from about 200°C at the entrance to the catalytic reactor to 350°C at the exit.

The CORRECT choice is (a) Aniline

Easy explanation: The CONTINUOUS MANUFACTURE of aniline is done by the reduction of nitrobenzene with hydrogen.

The CORRECT choice is (a) To REMOVE CATALYST

The explanation: Filters or centrifuges are used to remove the catalyst, which may be used as such or DEPOSITED on inert carriers.

Correct option is (b) False

To elaborate: Vapour-phase reductions are sometimes FRAUGHT with a number of technological PROBLEMS: (1) limited per-pass conversion, thus necessitating separation of aniline from nitrobenzene and (2)SENSITIVITY of catalytic operations which may result in over reduction and relatively low yields of amine COMPARED with competitive processes, PARTICULARLY Bechamp reductions.

The correct option is (d) All of the mentioned

To explain: Catalytic reductions can be carried out in batches or in continuous PROCESSES, in the liquid PHASE or in the vapour phase. This method has many advantages over other methods of reduction, PARTICULARLY for large-volume production. With low-cost HYDROGEN, as is the case when by-product hydrogen is available from other installations or when large hydrocarbon steam units are installed, this process cannot be matched by other methods of reduction in so far as economics and quality of product arc concerned.

Correct option is (a) Hydrogen

The best I can explain: Hydrogen is manufactured in large QUANTITIES for a variety of uses in addition to amination. It is used for hardening of oils and fats in the food industry, for the production of AMMONIA and methanol, for improving the octane number of gasoline, for the production of alcohols by the Oxo process and by reduction of fats and fatty acids, for the production of synthetic gasoline and lubricating oils, for the desulfurization of hydrocarbon materials, for PROVIDING reducing ATMOSPHERES in the metalworking industry, and for many other purposes in industrial synthetic organic chemistry.

The correct choice is (a) Zinc and acid

The best EXPLANATION: This PROCESS is technically most feasible for the preparation of those amines which are insoluble at a pH lower than 5.0, so that the amine may be SEPARATED from DISSOLVED zinc salts without resorting to a very elaborate isolation scheme such as extraction with organic solvents.

The CORRECT CHOICE is (a) Para-nitroaniline

To elaborate: When p-nitro ANILINE is reduced, we GET p-phenylenediamine.

The correct ANSWER is (b) ATTRACTS electron

Best EXPLANATION: ELECTROPHILIC means that attract electron WHEREAS nucleophilic means repulsion of electrons.

Correct CHOICE is (d) C6H5-NH2

For EXPLANATION: The following compound is CALLED Arlyamine because a RING compoundC6H5– is attached to NH2 i.e. AMINE group.

Right answer is (b) BECHAMP’s

For explanation: Bechamp’s discovery in 1854 that nitro COMPOUNDS could be REDUCED in the presence of iron and acetic acid and Perkin’s subsequent application in 1857 of the reaction in the commercial production of aniline were events of great significance in the development of the dye industry, and thus in the BIRTH of INDUSTRIAL synthetic organic chemistry.

Right ANSWER is (C) Mineral acids

Explanation: For the reduction of nitroanilides, in this the presence of mineral acids WOULD tend to hydrolyse the ANILIDE to an AMINE.

Right CHOICE is (a) Zn-acid

For explanation I WOULD say: Under the CATALYSIS of Zn-acid we get: C6H5-NO2——> C6H5-NH2.

The CORRECT choice is (B) C6H5-NHOH

To ELABORATE: We GET C6H5-NHOH WHENEVER we catalyse C6H5-NO2 with Zn-water.

Correct CHOICE is (d) All of the mentioned

The BEST explanation: We have many reduction methods for the preparation of AMINES such as: metals and alkali, catalytic, sulfide , electrolytic, METAL and alkali, metal hydrides and many more.

The CORRECT answer is (b) C6H5-N(CH3)2

The explanation is: In DIMETHYLANILINE, there are two methyl groups and an benzene group ATTACHED to the nitrogen ATOM on amine group.

Correct ANSWER is (a) TRUE

Easy EXPLANATION: The above STATEMENT is true because THREE phenyl groups are attached to the nitrogen of amine group.

Correct answer is (c) ANILINE

Explanation: The name of the above compound is Aniline because an Amine GROUP is attached to the benzene RING.

The correct answer is (d) All of the mentioned

Explanation: Amines can be produced by reducing nitro, nitroso, hydroxylamino, AZOXY, azo, and hydrazo compounds, as WELL as oximes, amides, nitriles, and AZIDES.

The correct answer is (a) CH3-NH2

For explanation I WOULD say: the following compound is CALLED methylamine because the METHYL GROUP(-CH3) is ATTACHED to the amine group (-NH2).

Right option is (d) R-N(R’)-R”

To elaborate: It is called tertiary amine because three alkly groups are ATTACHED to the ‘N’ nitrogen ATOM.