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Parapodia is a locomotory organ of Neries belonging to Annelida. It helps in swimming.

Annelida phylum where animals have haemoglobin dissolved in the plasma. 

Poikilothermous (cold blooded) : Lack ability to regulate their body temperature. 

Homoiothermous (warm blooded) : Can regulate body temperature.

Amphibian heat has 3 chambers two auricles and one ventricle. 

Wings, bones long and hollow with air cavities, air sacs connected to lungs to supplement respiration.

(b) Opisthonephric kidney

The answer is (b) Mammals 

(c) Megalecithal 

(a) Mesonephric kidneys 

(c) Trocophore larva

The answer is (c) Reptilia 

(b) Cyclostomes 

(c) Mollusca 

(i) Malpighian tubules, 

(ii) Proboscis gland.

(c) Regeneration 

The Phylum Hemichordata consists of a small group of worm like so marine animals, mostly, tubiculous and are commonly called 'tongue worms'. 

• Some of the parasitic flatworms absorb nutrients directly from the host through their body surface.
• However, flatworms like liver fluke have an incomplete digestive system which means it has only single opening to the exterior which serves as both mouth and anus.

• Choanocytes or collar cells are special flagellated cells lining the spongocoel and the canals in phylum Porifera.
• They help to trap aquatic organisms from the water that enters the sponge.

• Have mammary glands to nourish young ones. 

• Have two pairs of limbs. 

• Skin has hairs.

• External ears or pinna present. 

• Different types of teeth in jaw. 

• Viviparous. Direct development.

 Steps to Follow for Classification:

• The first step should be look for the presence or absence of vertebral column.

 • The next step would be to identify the level of organization. 

• The next step should be to look for symmetry, i.e. radial or bilateral or asymmetrical. 

• The next step would be to look for presence or absence of body cavity. 

Flightless birds are called Ratitae.

Pneumatic bones are seen in Aves. 

Bony fishes are called Oesticthyes

The hollow bones containing air sacs in birds is called Pneumatised bones.

A blooded animals are called Poikilotherms. They cannot maintain constant body temperatue.

(b) Flame cells of Planaria

The process of having summer sleep by organisms is called Aestivation.

The process of shedding the scaly covering by Reptiles is called moulting.

(c) Fasciola is a Eucoelomate 

(c) Platyhelminthes 

Air sacs are associated with lungs in Birds. 

Winter sleep of animals is called Hibernation.

The answer is (a) Amphibia 

Myxine is not a cartilaginous fish.

It is the fleshy outgrowth that covers the body of molluscans.

The term mollusca refers to soft-bodied organisms.

Metazoans having true body cavity (coelm) are called Eumetazoans. 

Organisms having segmented body are called Annelids.

(d) Coimbatore

•  Aves are commonly known as birds. The characteristic feature of Aves :
• They have feathers and the ability to fly except for flightless birds (Eg: Ostrich, Kiwi, Penguin). 
• The forelimbs are modified into wings, and the hind limbs are adapted for walking, running, swimming and resting.
• The skin is dry and devoid of glands except the oil gland or preen gland. 
• The exoskeleton consists : epidermal feathers, scales, claws on legs and horny covering on the beak. 
• The endoskeleton is fully ossified (bony) and the long bones are hollow with air cavities (pneumatic bones). 
• The pectoral muscles of flight are well developed. (Muscles are pectoralis major and pectoralis minor). 
• Respiration is by compact, elastic, spongy lungs that are continuous with air sacs 
• The heart is four chambered. 
• Aves are homeothermic. 
• Migration and parental care is well marked. 
• Urinary bladder is absent. 
• Sexes are separate with well-marked sexual dimorphism. 
• In males, the testes are paired but in females, only the left ovary is well developed while the right ovary is withered. 
• All birds are oviparous. 
• Eggs are megalecithal and, cleidoic. 
• Fertilization is internal. Eg: Corvus (Crow), Columba (Pigeon).

Veliger larva of Mollusca

Closed circulation. 

Respiration is carried out by skin.

• SACON stands for SalimAli Institute for Ornithology and Natural History and is located in Coimbatore.
• It is a National Research Institute started by Government of India in honour of Dr. Salim Ali -The Bird man of India. 
• The aim of SACON is to conserve biodiversity with focus on birds

A true coelom is formed from splitting of mesodermal cells. 

It gives the following advantages. 

1. The organs are isolated and can function with physiological interdependence. 

2. The organs can reposition themselves without great distortion during movements. 

3. The peritoneum covering the organs and lining the cavity allows lubrication. 

4. Adhesion (fusion of tissues) is prevented. 

The limbless amphibian is Rana.

(d) Whale -Ammonotelic

(d) Crocodile

(c) circular, longitudinal muscles and setae