Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

The following places in Maharashtra are included in the list of cultural heritage sites declared by UNESCO:

• Ajanta Caves
• Verul (Ellora) Caves and Kailas Temple
• Elephanta Caves
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, Mumbai.

Many forts like the Raigad, Devgiri, Janjira and Sindhudurg are part of the cultural heritage Of Maharashtra though they are not included in the list.

There are many misgivings about history among the people:

• History is a subject only for historians and students who pursue higher studies in history.
• It has no relevance or applicability in our dayto-day life.
• History is nothing but piece of information about the battles fought by kings and politics.
• History cannot be connected to an economically productive field.

Wrong pair: Red Fort – Udaipur

The role of Applied History is as follows:

• In public training programmes for understanding the importance of history.
• Using knowledge of history, to create awareness regarding the conservation and preservation of our cultural and natural heritage.
• To facilitate participation of people in various projects and programmes related to applied history even in their capacity as tourists.
• To enhance professional skills of people and to develop industrial commercial field.
• To carry out preparatory work and plan for effective implementation of heritage projects.

• This picture is of the largest Indian rock-cut ancient Hindu temple located in the Ellora cave.
• This famous rock-cut Shiva temple was constructed during the reign of Rashtrakuta king Krishna I.
• It is regarded as a marvel of architecture.
• It bears an eloquent testimony to the high level skill attained by India in the arts of sculpture and architecture under the Rashtrakuta patronage.
• A sculpture of an elephant and a pillar can be seen in the picture.
• The famous rock cut temple in Maharashtra was declared as a world heritage site by UNESCO in 1983.

Wrong pair: Ramman – Dance form in West Bengal

Correct option: (c) Leonard Wolley.

Correct option: (d) Kas Plateau

Correct option: (c) Pune

Correct option: (a) New Delhi

• Man acquired different skills at various stages in his evolution process.
• From mxking stone tools to developing new techniques of agriculture production, he learnt many skills and entered in the age of science.
• Agricultural production, commodity production, architecture, engineering, etc.
• underwent several changes. Production increased manifold bcause of technology.
• Hence, it is necessary to know the history of technology in order to understand the development in mechanisation and mutual dependence between science and technology.

Correct option: (a) Philosophy

Correct option: (c) Shrushti

• The following objectives can be fulfilled through the heritage projects:
• Preservation, conservation and development of heritage sites can be done without any change in its original state/ structure.
• The local social structure and psychology of the local people, challenges they face in the present situations and their expectations can be surveyed.
• In the process of completing the project of conservation, preservation and development of a heritage site due precaution should be taken to avoid hurting the sentiments of the local people.
• Participation of the local people in the proposed project can be facilitated.
• In order to engage and employ the local skills in a creative way and create better opportunities of livelihood, it becomes easier to design systematic plans.

There are three types of sources which are used to study history. They are written, oral and material sources. These sources are preserved in different ways. 

According to me, the following measures should be taken to preserve the sources:

1. A regular repair and maintenance work of forts, memorials and palaces should be carried out. Timely action should be taken to avoid vandalisation of historic and public places. 

2. Historical coins, weapons should be handled with precaution and utmost care. They should be kept in a safe place to avoid the possibility of theft. 

3. Social awareness regarding the conservation and preservation of our cultural and natural heritage should be created. People will develop affinity towards the heritage and feel connected.

4. Variations in environment and climatic conditions pose a threat to monumental structures. Humidity, dampness, moulds and pollution cause irrevocable damage to manuscripts, rare artefacts, statues, coins, etc.

5. To protect them, special arrangements have to be made like rooms with controlled temperature or sanitising and detoxing the rooms. 

6. Oral literature like owis, folk songs should be compiled and written down. 

7. Public training programmes should be conducted for understanding the importance of history. 

8. Experts from different fields should be involved in preservation and conservation projects. S Stringent laws should be enacted to protect the monuments.

9. Above all, people’s participation in conservation and preservation process is paramount.

• With the passage of time, many schools of thought came into existence with different ideologies.
• These ideologies had their effect on people and society as a whole.
• What led to the origin of various ideologies, the intellectual tradition giving rise to those ideologies and their historical development needs to be researched.
• To know about the progress of those ideologies, their development and expansion or downfall we need to have knowledge of the history of philosophy.

• The Indian Museum at Kolkata is the oldest museum and one of the important heritage sites of India.
• Nathaniel Wallich, a Danish botanist, founded the museum in 1814 C.E. He was also its first curator.
• The museum has three main departments Arts, Archaeology and Anthropology.
• Other affiliated departments are conservation, publication, photography, exhibitionpresentation, model-making, training, library and security.