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Right answer is (a) Vertical Microinstruction

The EXPLANATION: There are TWO types of microinstructions: HORIZONTAL and Vertical.

In a horizontal microinstruction, each bit represents a signal to be activated whereas, in case of vertical microinstruction bits are decoded and, the decoder then produces SIGNALS.

Right answer is (c) MICRO program

To ELABORATE: For every micro-operation, a set of microinstructions are WRITTEN which indicate the control SIGNALS to be activated. A set of microinstructions is a micro program. The address of the next microinstruction is given by a Micro-program counter.

The correct OPTION is (a) STATE Table Method

Explanation: There are 3 WAYS of implementing hardwired CONTROL unit:

A state table is the simplest method in which a number of circuits are designed based on the cells in the table.

A delay element method consists of a flowchart drawn for the circuit. A D-flip flop is used as a delay element.

A SEQUENCE counter method used k-modulo counter as a replacement for k delay elements.

The correct option is (d) Memory Address REGISTER

To elaborate: MAR is a type of register which is responsible for the fetch OPERATION. MAR is connected to the address bus and it SPECIFIES the address for the read and WRITE operations.

Right option is (a) Data path

For explanation I WOULD say: A processor is a part of the computer which does all the data manipulation and decision MAKING. A processor COMPRISES of:

A data path which contains the hardware necessary to perform all the operations. A controller tells the data path what needs to be done.

The REGISTERS act as intermediate STORAGE for the data.

The correct choice is (b) I.Q.

Easy explanation: The COMPUTER system has no I.Q. of its own. It does only what it is PROGRAMMED to do. It cannot take decisions of its own.

A computer is diligent because it can work continuously for HOURS without getting any errors or without getting grumbled.

The accuracy of a computer is CONSISTENTLY high and its level of accuracy depends on its DESIGN. A computer can perform any task if, it can be broken down into a series of logical steps. Therefore, a computer is versatile.

Right choice is (c) CONTROL UNIT

The best explanation: The control unit manages and coordinates the operations of a COMPUTER system. The ALU is responsible for performing all the arithmetic and bitwise operations . Therefore, both these units combine to form the brain of the computer ,which is the central PROCESSING unit.

Right choice is (a) Data, INSTRUCTIONS

The EXPLANATION is: Data can be assumed as a raw material which, in TURNS after processing gives the desired output in the FORM of instructions. Further, a SET of ordered and meaningful instructions is known as a program.

Correct answer is (b) PARITY

Easiest explanation: The parity FLAG INDICATES the NUMBER of 1 bit in any operation.The resultant bit is called the parity bit. The main aim of the parity bit is to check for ERRORS.

The correct choice is (C) 16

To explain I would say: Arithmetic and LOGIC Unit consists of 16bits. They PERFORM certain Arithmetic and bitwise operations (add, subtract, AND, OR, XOR, Increment, decrement, shift).

Correct option is (b) Segmentation

For EXPLANATION I would say: The MEMORY SPACE is DIVIDED into SEGMENTS of dynamic size. The programmer is aware of the segmentation and can reallocate the segments accordingly.

Correct choice is (B) REGISTERS

For explanation I would SAY: Any output generated by the ALU gets STORED in the registers. The registers are the temporary memory LOCATIONS within the processor that are connected by signal paths to the CPU.

Correct CHOICE is (d) Institute of Electrical and ELECTRONICS engineers

Best explanation: The IEEE is an organization of PROFESSIONALS in the field of electronics and electrical engineering. IEEE has GIVEN certain STANDARDS of its own which are followed in the field of computer science and electrical engineering.

Right answer is (a) True

Explanation: ALU is a combinational electronic circuit which basically performs all the LOGICAL or the bitwise OPERATIONS and the ARITHMETIC operations. Therefore, it is the place where the actual executions of INSTRUCTIONS take place.

Correct option is (d) 1001

To EXPLAIN I would say: The first leftmost bit i.e. the most significant bit in the sign magnitude REPRESENTS if the number is positive or negative.If the MSB is 1, the number is negative else if it is 0, the number is positive. Here, +1=0001 and for -1=1001.

The correct option is (C) .

The EXPLANATION: All except the DOT(.) operator are bitwise operators.

|: Bitwise OR

^ : Bitwise XOR

<< : Shift Left

Right ANSWER is (a) ARITHMETIC and logic unit

Explanation: The Arithmetic and logic unit performs all the basic OPERATIONS of the computer system. It performs all the arithmetic(+,-,*,/,etc) as well as the LOGICAL operations( AND, OR, NOT, etc.).

Right answer is (c) William’s Tube

Easy explanation: The FIRST practical form of RAM was William’s Tube made in 1947. It STORED DATA as electrically charged spots on the FACE of a CATHODE Ray Tube.

Correct answer is (a) CD

Best explanation: A compact disk stores digitized audio information. The standard SYSTEM uses 12 CM disks and can record more than 60 minutes of UNINTERRUPTED playing game.

Right answer is (B) PROM & EPROM

The best explanation: There are two types of Read Only Memories: PROM i.e., Programmable ROM & EPROM i.e., Erasable Programmable ROM. When only a small NUMBER of ROMs with a particular memory content is needed, PROM is USED and in case of EPROM, all the contents of the storage cells must be erased before the write operation.

Right ANSWER is (b) DRAM

The explanation is: DRAM stands for dynamic random access memory.It is denser than SDRAM (Static) and therefore it is USED in the MAIN memory. They are in the form of semiconductor RAMs.

The correct ANSWER is (a) PRIMARY STORAGE

For explanation: The primary storage is responsible for holding the data, intermediate results and the results of ongoing processes or JOBS. VIRTUAL storage is the main memory storage required for saving a large amount of data for future reference. The other options are invalid.

Right OPTION is (b) Primary and Secondary

To explain: There are two types of MEMORIES in a computer system: The Primary MEMORY and the Secondary Memory.

The primary memory can be directly ACCESSED by the CPU whereas the secondary memory cannot be directly accessed.

Correct choice is (a) Storage Unit

Explanation: The storage unit is responsible for storing the DATA. It makes the instructions readily available for additional or initial processing whenever required.The cache is a software COMPONENT that stores data to serve the data REQUESTS in future. It can CONTAIN the result of some earlier computations.

Right ANSWER is (a) Registers

For explanation: The Registers are the fast storage units. They are responsible for storing INTERMEDIATE computational RESULTS in the CPU.The registers can be user accessible or INACCESSIBLE.

The correct option is (a) PERIPHERAL COMPONENT Interconnect

Explanation: PCI is a high-bandwidth bus that can function as a peripheral bus.Compared with others, it delivers BETTER system PERFORMANCE.

Correct ANSWER is (d) It supplies the data and instructions to the computer for further processing

The explanation: The output unit is responsible for giving the results to the user in the FORM of a printed report or visual display.It is not responsible for giving the instructions BACK to the CPU for processing.

The CORRECT option is (c) Drum Printers

Explanation: The drum printers have a solid cylindrical drum with CHARACTERS embossed on its SURFACE in the form of CIRCULAR bands.It can only print a predefined set of characters.

The CORRECT option is (c) Interrupt

To explain: An interrupt is a kind of request which takes CONTROL of the system BUS for some time, then PERFORMS all the operations and gives BACK control to the CPU.It is usually identified by some number and is handled by the interrupt controller.

Right answer is (d) Super Video GRAPHICS ARRAY

For EXPLANATION: Super Video Graphics Array is a type of Visual Display Unit.It supports 1024 by 768 pixels with 60,000 different COLORS.

The correct ANSWER is (b) Visual Display Unit

The explanation: A Visual Display unit is also referred to as the MONITOR who BASICALLY is used to give the results or OUTPUTS to the user.It comprises of a cathode RAY tube internally.

Right option is (B) Outputting

For explanation I would say: The OUTPUT Unit is responsible for giving the results to the user in the FORM of a printed report or visual display. The process is referred to as outputting. Controlling is nothing but the manner and sequence in which the instructions are being operated. Inputting MEANS giving instructions to the SYSTEM whereas, processing means performing certain operations and calculations.

The CORRECT answer is (b) False

Explanation: The Output unit is responsible for CONVERTING the COMPUTER OBTAINED data into user understandable format. The INPUT Unit is responsible for converting the data in computer understandable format.

The correct answer is (d) 1.Input Unit 2.Output Unit

The BEST EXPLANATION: The above DIAGRAM is a simple explanation which DESCRIBES how the instruction is given to the CPU, how it is PROCESSED, and then how the result is obtained.

So here, the input unit is used to give instructions to the central processing unit and the output unit is responsible for giving the result to the user.

Right option is (c) It makes the DATA into user UNDERSTANDABLE format

To EXPLAIN: The INPUT unit converts the data into computer understandable format i.e. binary format and not the user understandable format.It is the duty of the output unit to MAKE the data into user understandable format.

Right answer is (a) Commonly Operated Machines Used in TECHNICAL and Educational RESEARCH

The best I can explain: The word COMPUTER is an abbreviation for the terms “Commonly Operated Machines Used in Technical and Educational Research”. The word COMPUTER also RELATES to the word COMPUTE which means to CALCULATE. So, initially it was thought that a computer is a device which is used to perform calculations.

Correct OPTION is (C) 1024 ZB

To elaborate: 1 yottabyte is EQUAL to 1024 ZB, which stands for zettabyte. Further, 1 ZB=1024 EB (exabyte) and and 1 EB=1024PB (petabyte).

Right choice is (c) Keyboard

Easy EXPLANATION: A keyboard is an INPUT DEVICE which originated in the 1880s and is used to GIVE instructions to the computer in the form of letters and numbers.Mouse is used for the selection of VARIOUS objects on the screen, joystick is mainly used for gaming purpose and bar code readers are used for reading the bar-codes.

Right choice is (a) IN 82

Best EXPLANATION: The input/output INSTRUCTIONS are used to transfer INFORMATION between external peripherals and the CPU. The CORRECT format of an input instruction is: IN 8-bit port address.

Here, IN 82 is the correct option, where 82 is the designated port address.All the other options are invalid.

Right choice is (b) 4

To EXPLAIN I would say: A nibble is defined as a unit of DATA which COMPRISES of 4 BINARY digits or half of 8-bit byte.Therefore, 1 nibble = 4 BITS. A bit is the smallest unit of data in a computer system. A byte = 8 bits, therefore, half of a byte=4 bits=a nibble.

Right answer is (b) Binary Language

The explanation: The Computer understands only binary language which is written in the form of 0s & 1S. A computer can understand ASSEMBLY language but an assembler is REQUIRED which converts the assembly language to binary language. Similarly, for understanding high level languages, compilers/interpreters are required.

The correct answer is (c) Bit

The best I can explain: A bit is defined as the smallest unit of data in a COMPUTER system. It is used as a short form of Binary Digit.A bit can have only two values 0 or 1. A nibble COMPRISES of 4 bits, a byte is a COLLECTION of 8 bits WHEREAS KB (Kilobyte) is equal to 1024 bytes.

Correct option is (c) INPUT Unit

Explanation: The Input Unit converts the data, which the USER enters into a language which the computer understands, i.e. it converts the data into BINARY format. The OUTPUT Unit is responsible for giving the results in user-understandable format. The Storage Unit is responsible for storing the data after immediate results of processing WHEREAS; the ALU is responsible for various arithmetic and bitwise operations.