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Some sugar solution is taken in a test-tube and a little of substance X in powder form is added to it. The mouth of test-tube is closed with a cork and allowed to stand for sometime. On opening the cork, a characteristic smell of substance Y is obtained and a gas Z is also observed to be formed. The gas Z extinguishes a burning matchstick.
(a) What could be (i) X, (ii) Y, and (iii,) Z ?
(b) What is the process of converting sugar into substance Y by the action of X known as ?
(c) What type of respiration is exhibited by X in the above process ?

(a) Why is transport of materials necessary in an organism (plant or animal)?
(b) What is the need of special tissues or organs for transport of substances in plants and animals ?
(c) How are water and minerals transported in plants ?
(d) How is food transported in plants ?

Which of the following is not a purpose of transpiration?

(a) How does carbon dioxide from the air enter the leaves of a plant to be used in photosynthesis ?
(b) How does water from the soil reach the leaves of a plant to be used in photosynthesis ?

Match the terms in column I with those in column II:

$\begin{array}{cc}ColumnI& ColumnII\\ \left(i\right)\text{Trypsin}& \left(a\right)\text{Liver}\\ \left(ii\right)\text{Amylase}& \left(b\right)\text{Gastric glands}\\ \left(iii\right)\text{Bile}& \left(c\right)\text{Pancreas}\\ \left(iv\right)\text{Pepsin}& \left(d\right)\text{Saliva}\end{array}$

For plants,___ is the nearest and richest source of raw materials like nitrogen, phosphorus and other minerals.

Which layer of the atmosphere prevents the entry of harmful UV rays into the Earth atmosphere?

Which is the 'flight or fight' hormone produced during the emergencies?

According to fossils, origin and evolution of man started from

The micro-organism which reproduces by multiple fission is the one which causes the disease known as :
(a) Kala-azar
(b) Marasmus
(c) Malaria
(d) Amoebiasis

Match the items of column I with those of column II.

Column I Column II

1. 'β' (beta) cells of islets of Langerhans (a) Condition due to undersecretion of thyroxine in adults.

2. Thyroid (b) Undersecretion of glucocorticoids

3. Cretinism (c) Exophthalmic goitre

4. Addison's disease (d) Increases heart beat

5. Hyperthyroidism (e) Thyroxine

6. Myxoedema (f) Adrenal cortex

7. Adrenaline (g) Insulin

8. Cortisone (h) Undersecretion of thyroxine in a child.

Fill in the blanks

The nose has two openings called the (i)______________, through which air enters the (ii)_____________. The initial portion of this cavity is the (iii)______________, which is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. It has hairs called (iv)______________.

Name some deadly diseases caused by viruses.

The pressure developed in the root xylem due to entry of water followed by the active transportation of mineral ions is called -

Which blood group doesn't have antibodies in the serum?

(a) What is transpiration ?
(b) What do you mean by 'translocation' with respect to transport in plants ?
(c) Which plant tissue is involved in translocation : xylem or phloem ?

which cellular technologies are correctly matched according to type of signal used.

Describe the process of respiration in the following parts of a plant :
(a) Root (b) Stem (c) Leaves

How many types of gametes are produced by the parents of Mendel’s monohybrid $F_2$ progeny?

The word probiotic means __

Assertion: Bacteria form endospores during their reproductive phase.

Reason: Endospores are extremely resistant dormant cell structure produced by bacteria, fungi and viruses when the external environment is not favourable for survival.

The figure given below represents the female reproductive system of a mammal.

(a) Name the parts labelled A - D.

(b) What will happen if the part B on both sides gets blocked?

Our resources cannot keep pace with the rising population. Give three examples in support of this statement.

The cerebral hemispheres are centres of

If all the waste we generate is biodegradable , will this have no impact on the environment??????

The gland X which is located just below the brain in the human head secretes a chemical substance Y which controls the developement of bones and muscles in the body of a person. Secretion of too little of substance Y as well as the secretion of too much of substance Y by the gland X leads to abnormal development of the body of a person.

(a) Name the gland X.

(b) What is the chemical substance Y ?

(c) What happens if too little of substance Y is secreted ?

(d) What happens if too much of substance Y is secreted ?

(e) Name the system of glands in the human body of which gland X is a part.

The 9:3:3:1 dihybrid ratio is due to
(a) Segeregation (b) crossing over (c) independent assortment
(d) homologus pairing

Match the greenhouse gases listed in column - II with their respective sources (activities from which they get released) in column - I.
$\begin{array}{cccc}& \text{Column-I Activities}& & \text{Column-II Green house gases}\\ \text{A}& \text{Combustion of fossil fuel}& \text{p}& \text{Carbon dioxide}\\ \text{B}& \text{Swamp and rice fields}& \text{q}& \text{Ozone}\\ \text{C}& \text{Refrigeration}& \text{r}& \text{Nitrous~oxide}\\ \text{D}& \text{Burning of biomass}& \text{s}& \text{Methane}\\ & & \text{t}& {\text{CFC}}_s\end{array}$

1. Give 3 examples of cell structures which contain structural protein ?

2. What is the other type of protein in a cell ?

Which species is likely to have comparatively better chance of survival- the one or one sexual?give reason to justify your answer.

The process of transformation of several glucose molecules to produce one molecule of starch is called ___.

Identify label 'X' and 'Y'.

Blood analysis of a patient reveals an unusually high quantity of carboxyhaemoglobin content. Which of the following conclusions is most likely to be correct? The patient has inhaled polluted air containing high content of

(a) Give the main points of difference between respiration in plants and respiration in animals.
(b) Describe the exchange of gases which takes place in the leaves of a plant (a) during daytime, and (b) at night.
(c) Which contains more carbon dixoide : exhaled air or inhaled air ? Why ?

What are the three types of methods used for birth control (or regulating childbirth) ? Give one example of each type.

A heterozygous individual has ___.

The apparatus shown in the given diagram is Garreau's potometer designed to demonstrate unequal transpiration from the two surfaces of a dorsiventral leaf. Before keeping the leaf in between, the cups were closed with corks through which two mercury manometers were connected. After few hours, CaCl2 vials were taken out and weighed again.

(a) What is the purpose of keeping CaCl2 vials inside the cup?
(b) After few hours CaCl2 vials were taken out and weighed again. Will you expect any difference in weight? If so, give reason.
(c) What was the purpose of using a manometer?
(d) What do you mean by transpiration? [5 MARKS]

How is water transported in plants