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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 5501. |
What is differentitation, dedifferentiation,redifferentiation?(plant growth and development) |
| Answer» Differentiation - differentiation is the process whereby cells assums specialized morphologies and function. It is also regarded as the process of maturation. Dedifferentiation - the living differentiated cells , under special circumstances, become meristem i.e, regain the capacity to divide . this phenomenon is called dedifferenciation. .....Redifferentiation- redifferentiation is defined as maturation or differentiation or dedifferentiated tissues. | |
| 5502. |
Define vital capacity. What is it\'s significance? |
| Answer» Vital capacity is the amount of air which one can inhale with maximum effort and also exhale with maximum effort. It is about 3.5 to 4.5 litre in a normal adult person. It represents the maximum amount of air one can renew in the respiratory system in a single respiration. Thus, greater the vital capacity, more is the energy available to the body. | |
| 5503. |
How does shortening of sacromere takes place? |
| Answer» A sarcomere is just the space between two I-bands. the actin filament ovelaps myosin at the time of contraction and it results in shortening of sarcomere. | |
| 5504. |
Nitrogen cycle involves 4 steps explain??? |
| Answer» The continuous process by which nitrogen is exchanged between organisms and the environment is called nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient, needed to make amino acids and other important organic compounds, but most organisms cannot use free nitrogen, which is abundant as a gas in the atmosphere.\xa0Nitrogen cycle involves the following steps:(i) Nitrogen fixation: This process involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates, which are soluble in water. This is done by various nitrogen fixing bacteria. Example - Rhizobium, blue green algae and bacterium Azotobacter.(ii) Ammonification: It is the process of decomposing complex, dead organic matter into ammonia. This is done by microorganisms living in the soil.(iii) Nitrification: It is the process of conversion of ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates. This is done by nitrifying bacteria. Example - Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.(iv) Denitrification: It is the process of reducing nitrates present in the soil to release nitrogen back into the atmosphere. Example - Pseudomonas.\xa0 | |
| 5505. |
Which enzyme is carbohydrate splitting enzyme in our body? |
| Answer» Salivary amylase: Carbohydrate digestion also initiates in the mouth. Amylase, produced by the salivary glands, breaks complex carbohydrates to smaller chains, or even simple sugars. It is sometimes referred to as ptyalin. | |
| 5506. |
What is endocrine and exocrine gland |
| Answer» An endocrine gland secretes its products, for example hormones, directly into the blood. An example of an endocrine gland is the adrenal gland which secretes adenaline made in the adrenal medulla directly into the blood.An exocrine gland secretes its products for example enzymes, into ducts that lead to the target tissue. For example the salivary gland secretes saliva into the collecting duct which leads to the mouth. | |
| 5507. |
How many types od muscle tissue is present |
| Answer» Types of Muscle Tissue\tSmooth Muscle: These muscle cells do not have striations or stripes. Hence they are called smooth muscle cells. They are also called involuntary muscles. The cells have a single nucleus and the cells are spindle-shaped.\tSkeletal Muscle: The skeletal muscles have stripes or striations. Hence they are also called the striated muscles. These skeletal muscles are the most common and widely distributed muscle tissue in the body.\tCardiac Muscle: This is a muscle that is found only in the heart. The rhythmic contractions of this muscle help in the pumping of blood through the blood vessels to various parts of the body. The brain controls this muscle and is an involuntary muscle. The cells of this muscle tissue are branched and cylindrical with a single nucleus and striations present. | |
| 5508. |
NADP+ wheres come |
| Answer» | |
| 5509. |
Who activates the enzyme trypsinogen ? |
| Answer» Enterokinase | |
| 5510. |
what is DNA and RNA |
| Answer» \tS.N.DNARNA1.DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. The sugar portion of DNA is 2-Deoxyribose.RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid. The sugar portion of RNA is Ribose.2.The helix geometry of DNA is of B-Form (A or Z also present).The helix geometry of RNA is of A-Form.3.DNA is a double-stranded molecule consisting of a long chain of nucleotides.RNA usually is a single-strand helix consisting of shorter chains of nucleotides.4.The bases present in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.The bases present in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil.5.DNA is self-replicating.RNA is synthesized from DNA on an as-needed basis.6.Base Pairing :AT (adenine-thymine)GC (guanine-cytosine).Base Pairing :AU (adenine-uracil)GC (guanine-cytosine).7.Purine and Pyrimidine bases are equal in number.There is no proportionality in between the number of Purine and Pyrimidine bases.8.DNA is susceptible to UV damage.Compared with DNA, RNA is relatively resistant to UV damage.9.Hydrogen bonds are formed between complementary nitrogen bases of the opposite strands (A-T, C-G).Base pairing through hydrogen bonds, occurs in the coiled parts.10.DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell and in mitochondria.Depending on the type of RNA, this molecule is found in a cell’s nucleus, its cytoplasm, and its ribosome.11.DNA can’t leave the nucleus.RNA leaves the nucleus (mRNA).12.The C-H bonds in DNA make it fairly stable, plus the body destroys enzymes that would attack DNA. The small grooves in the helix also serve as protection, providing minimal space for enzymes to attach.The O-H bond in the ribose of RNA makes the molecule more reactive, compared with DNA. RNA is not stable under alkaline conditions, plus the large grooves in the molecule make it susceptible to enzyme attack.13.Renaturation after melting is slow.It is quite fast.14.DNA is only two types: intra nuclear and extra nuclear.Three different types of RNA: m-RNA, t-RNA and r-RNA.15.Its quantity is fixed for cell.The quantity of RNA of a cell is variable.16.It is long lived.Some RNAs are very short lived while others have somewhat longer life.17.Functions:Long-term storage of genetic information; transmission of genetic information to make other cells and new organisms.Functions:Used to transfer the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins. RNA is used to transmit genetic information in some organisms and may have been the molecule used to store genetic blueprints in primitive organisms.\t | |
| 5511. |
How would non secretion of saliva affect digestion of food in our mouth |
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Answer» Actually, saliva contains two enzyme 1.salivary amylase 2.ptyalin or lysozymeSalivary amylase plays an important role in digestion of starch.it changes boiled starch into dissachrides(maltose).while, lysozyme (also called ptyalin)acts as anti bacterial agent.so, if saliva will not be released these actions will not take place. Salivary amylase would not be able to digest starch or sugars. If saliva is not secred the starch prsent in our food will not be digested in the mouth as there would be no enzyme (salivary amylase/tyalin) to act on it |
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| 5512. |
Difference between open and closed vascular bundle |
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Answer» Cambium are present in between tha xylem and phloem of open vascular bundle . And cambium are absent in closed vascular bundle. In open vascular bundle cambium is present between the xylem and phlegm. It is found in dicotyledonous plants . In closed vascular bundle cambium is absent and it is found in monocotyledonous plants |
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| 5513. |
Define the terms 1. Uremia2.Renal Calculi3.Renal Failure4.Glomerulonephritis5. Hemodialysis |
| Answer» 1. Uremia is nothing but high level of urea conc. in our blood.2. Renal caliculi is also known as Renal stone. It is the insoluble crystaline mass of (Calcium Oxalate). In case of renal stone patient feel low back pain which radiate in the front of thie.beside this patient also feel tendency to Nausia and vomiting.3. Renal Failure: In this condition,kidney form urine less than 300ml. Also a condition when kidney form urine less than 50ml ,this one is the condition of Acute renal failure.In both these cases level of urea in blood increases.4. Glomerulo Nephritis : inflammation occurs in the upper part of nephron. | |
| 5514. |
Method by which cytokinesis takes place |
| Answer» Cytokinesis\xa0is the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells. It\xa0occurs\xa0concurrently with two types of nuclear division called\xa0mitosis\xa0and meiosis, which\xa0occur\xa0in animal cells.\xa0During cytokinesis in plants, a cell plate is formed by the plant cells in the middle part of the cells.Then vesicles containing cell wall matter are released that from the cell plates by fusing at the equatorial region.The plate starts as a network of fusion tubes, which then turns into a tubule vesicular network after additional component join it during the process. | |
| 5515. |
How to study biology? |
| Answer» By seeing the 3d mechanisms of different topics of biology on internet | |
| 5516. |
What are scelerite |
| Answer» Hard outer coverings | |
| 5517. |
electron transport system |
| Answer» The\xa0electron transport chain\xa0is a series of\xa0electron\xa0transporters embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that shuttles\xa0electrons\xa0from NADH and FADH2\xa0to molecular oxygen. In the process, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, and oxygen is reduced to form water.\xa0The electron transport chain is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons across a membrane. The electron transport chain is built up of peptides, enzymes, and other molecules. | |
| 5518. |
What is prokeryotic cell |
| Answer» A prokaryotic cell has no membrane bound organelle like eukaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cell has only 70s type of ribosome. It has no true nucleus. It has mesosome (folding of cell membrane ) | |
| 5519. |
First product formed in kreb\'s cycle |
| Answer» Citric acid | |
| 5520. |
Define the articular membrane in arthropods.... |
| Answer» | |
| 5521. |
Can growth be negative.Explain in short. |
| Answer» Extrinsic growth can b negative | |
| 5522. |
C4 plant |
| Answer» Special kranz anatomy | |
| 5523. |
Which of the cell organelles store calcium ion? Mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum? |
| Answer» Er | |
| 5524. |
What type of roots are found in rhizophora? Pneumatophores or prop? |
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Answer» Pneumatophores Pneumatophores |
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| 5525. |
Write down mechanism of vision |
| Answer» The mechanism of vision:i. The light rays in visible wavelength is focussed on the retina through the cornea and lens generate potentials (impulses) in rods and cones.ii. The photopigments which is composed of opsin and retinal is dissociated into opsin and retinal because of light. .\xa0iii. The change in the structure of the opsin causes changes in the membrane permeability.iv. A potential differences is generated in the photoreceptor cells which produces signal that generating action potentials in the ganglion cells through the bipolar cells.v. The action potential is transmitted by the optic nerves to the visual cortex area of the brain, where the neural impulses are analysed and the image is formed on the retina is recognised. | |
| 5526. |
Write down mechanism of hearing |
| Answer» \tThe pinna receives sound waves and directs them to the ear drum.\tThe ear drum vibrates, and the vibrations are sent to the ear ossicles in the middle ear.\tThe ear ossicles further transmit the vibrations to the oval window.\tThe oval window passes the vibrations to the fluid of cochlea and causes vibrations in it.\tThe vibrations induce a ripple in the basilar membrane which bends the hair cells, which are pressed against the tectorial membrane.\tThis causes the generation of the nerve impulse which is transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve.\tThe impulses are analysed, and the sound is recognised or heard. | |
| 5527. |
Major features of mamilia |
| Answer» *presence of mamary glands* fore limbs and hind limbs are present * respiration is pulmonary* warm blooded * 4 chambered heart*Fertilization is internal* endoskeleton is fully bony*Presence of hairs on outer body | |
| 5528. |
heart wood is more durable than spring wood why |
| Answer» Sapwood\xa0is the outer light-colored portion of a tree trunk through which the water passes from the roots to the leaves, and in which excess food is often stored.\xa0Heartwood\xa0is the central core of the trunk. In most\xa0woods,\xa0the\xa0heartwood\xa0can be distinguished from the\xa0sapwood\xa0by its darker colour. Heartwood\xa0has a much lower starch content, and the hollow cells are filled with extractives that are sometimes toxic to fungi and insects giving it much higher\xa0durability than sapwood.\xa0Sapwood\xa0is much less\xa0durable than heartwood\xa0and often has marginally lower structural properties. | |
| 5529. |
Explain generation and conduction of nerve impulse. |
| Answer» Whenever we touch any object the immediate response of the nervous system is to send signals through nerves to the spinal cord. The neurons then transmit the signal from spinal cord to brain. Brain cells transmit the signal along their axons to the neighboring neurons via synapses. When the information in form of electrical signals reaches the axon’s end the voltage trigger releases the neurotransmitters which are brain’s chemical messengers. The neurotransmitters are traveled across the synapse till they reach potassium ion channels. Potassium ions enter the cells making inside of the cell more positive than outside. When the signal reaches axon terminal calcium ions move inside the cell and vesicles filled with neurotransmitters are expelled out of the cell. | |
| 5530. |
diffentitate b/w exarch and endarch |
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Answer» ♦ ENDARCH : Endarch is the arrangement in which the proto xylem is directed towards the centre and meta xylem elements towards the periphery. The development of the xylems in this arrangement follows the centrifugal pattern.It is the characteristics of the stem of flowering plants.♦ EXARCH : Whereas exarch is the arrangement in which the proto xylem is directed towards the periphery and meta xylem towards the centre.\xa0The development of the xylem in this arrangement follows the centripetal pattern. It is the characteristics of roots. |
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| 5531. |
What is mean by analogous organ? |
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Answer» Organs with dt origin bt same fxn Organs with different origin and same function |
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| 5532. |
chemiosmotic hypothesis and Zscheme |
| Answer» Z scheme is non cyclic scheme where the electron excited in reaction centre do not return back to the reaction centre. It geys utilised in its way. | |
| 5533. |
Blue print chapter wise |
| Answer» | |
| 5534. |
What is rigor mortis? |
| Answer» It is a condition in which the body is unable to receive blood supply and all the cells deactivate this causes a complete hardness in the body this happens when heart stop beating and brain stop working efficiently to get blood supply to the body This happens when the person is dead | |
| 5535. |
How ribosome form proteins???? |
| Answer» With the help of nucelous body | |
| 5536. |
What is morphine? |
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Answer» Thanks Well it is used in 4 th stage of cancer it is used to control pain by the patient mostly in breast cancer Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate family which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals. It acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to decrease the feeling of pain. It can be given by mouth, by injection into a muscle, by injection under the skin, intravenously, injection into the space around the spinal cord |
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| 5537. |
Ascent of sap is possible due to some physical forces . How ? |
| Answer» Yes ascent of sap can take place due to some forces. As we know that water is absorbed by roots by Imbibtion, osmosis,etc it passes to root cortex by osmosis. This absorbed water rises upwards by Caparlity, root pressure,DPD,etc. It is furder supported by transpirational pull. All these Forces act as driving for forces for the ascent of sap | |
| 5538. |
Name the excretory organ of protozoa ? |
| Answer» \xa0Protozoans have no excretory organs. The metabolic waste products i.e. ammonia is passed out by diffusion through the cell membrane in surrounding water. They carry out the process of excretion with the help of contractile vacuoles.\xa0 | |
| 5539. |
I need mechanism of protein synthesis? |
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Answer» May be its help you Transcription is one of the first processes in the mechanism of protein synthesis. In transcription, a complementary strand of mRNA is synthesized according to the nitrogenous base code of DNA. To begin, the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to an area of one of the DNA molecules in the double helix. |
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| 5540. |
Nitrogen cyle pz |
| Answer» The continuous process by which nitrogen is exchanged between organisms and the environment is called nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient, needed to make amino acids and other important organic compounds, but most organisms cannot use free nitrogen, which is abundant as a gas in the atmosphere.\xa0Nitrogen cycle involves the following steps:(i) Nitrogen fixation: This process involves the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates, which are soluble in water. This is done by various nitrogen fixing bacteria. Example - Rhizobium, blue green algae and bacterium Azotobacter.(ii) Ammonification: It is the process of decomposing complex, dead organic matter into ammonia. This is done by microorganisms living in the soil.(iii) Nitrification: It is the process of conversion of ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates. This is done by nitrifying bacteria. Example - Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.(iv) Denitrification: It is the process of reducing nitrates present in the soil to release nitrogen back into the atmosphere. Example - Pseudomonas.The decomposers help in decomposing the dead bodies of plants and animals, and hence act as cleansing agents of environment. The decomposers also help in putting back the various elements of which the dead plants and animals were made, back into the soil, air and water for reuse by the producers like crop-plants, e.g. the decomposers like purifying bacteria and fungi decompose the dead plants and animal bodies into ammonia. This ammonia is converted into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria present in soil. These nitrates act as fertilizer in the soil and are again absorbed by the plants for their growth. Thus, the nitrates act as fertilizer in the biosphere so that the process of life may go on and on like an unending chain. | |
| 5541. |
What is meant by MODIFICATion of roots |
| Answer» Roots get modified to perform special functions along with common functions performed by roots like storage of food,extra stability,etc | |
| 5542. |
What is difference between animal and plant cytokinesis? |
| Answer» In animal cytokinesis,cell divides by forming cell furrow but in plant cell divides by forming plate | |
| 5543. |
Give 4 activities regulated by :(1)Estrogen (2)Androgen (3)glucocorticoids (4)caticholamines. |
| Answer» Androgens and estrogens\xa0are hormones.\xa0Estrogens\xa0are produced by the body in greater amounts in females. They are necessary for normal sexual development of the female and for the regulation of the menstrual cycle during the childbearing years.\xa0Androgens\xa0are produced by the body in greater amounts in males.\xa0Natural glucocorticoids\xa0are steroid hormones with powerful anti-inflammatory effects produced by the human body.\xa0Glucocorticoid\xa0drugs are usually synthetic compounds that have anti-inflammatory effects similar to those of\xa0natural glucocorticoids.\xa0Natural glucocorticoids\xa0are produced by the cortex of the adrenal gland.\xa0Catecholamines\xa0are hormones made by your adrenal glands, which are located on top of your kidneys. Examples include dopamine; norepinephrine; and epinephrine (this used to be called adrenalin or adrenaline). | |
| 5544. |
Which membrane iscomposed of phospholipids |
| Answer» Plama membrane is composed of phisholipids. | |
| 5545. |
What are pneumetaphores? |
| Answer» They are modified roots found in plants of marshy areas, they help in nitrogen fixation. | |
| 5546. |
Strategy for biology exam |
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Answer» This is really not the time to watch videos of everything but you should go through things like mitosis,meiosis , biomolecules ,etc. I recommend the channels bozeman science and crash course biology. Or search for animated videos ...after watching them even a breif study will be enough. Simply just go through all topics briefly and watch video related to the topic you don\'t confirmed Share dude Please share |
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| 5547. |
Questions from animal kingdom that came in your exams |
| Answer» Hey somebody answer tomorrow is my exam | |
| 5548. |
Difference between cilia and flagella. |
| Answer» \tCiliaFlagellaThe number of cilia is comparatively more (typically ranges in the thousands)The number of flagella is comparatively less (usually ranges from 1 to 8)Cilia is usually shorter in lengthFlagella is comparatively longer in lengthBeating pattern of Cilia is very complicated – Can move in wide range of motionsBeating pattern of Flagella involves circular, wave like or propeller-like motionFound in Eukaryotic cellsFound in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cellsCilia are of two types: Non motile cilia and Motile ciliaFlagella are of three type: Bacterial flagella, Archaeal flagella and Eukaryotic flagella\t | |
| 5549. |
Enzymes in biomolecule.?please explain.? |
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Answer» There are also organic or inorganic compounds known as co factors ...without which many enzymes won\'t work. In these cases the protein part of the enzyme is called the apoenzyme. There are also certain inhibitors which are required to stop the function of enzymes when not needed. When these inhibitors closely resemble the substrate. These are called competitive inhibitors. As they compete with the substrate to bind with the enzyme. Most of the Enzymes are proteins. Their function is to catalyse a reaction. A reaction which would take a lot of time and energy to happen ...using an enzyme can take place in seconds. For eg. CO2 \'s reaction with water under normal conditions is very slow.. about 200 molecules of H2co3 an hour. But using Carbonic anhydrase ( an enzyme) you can form 600,000 molecules per second. Enzymes do this due to their structure. In their structure there are crevices ...known as active sites. The reactant or substrate fits in this active site perfectly. After this the bonds of the substrate are loosened so that it can form the product more easily and with less energy requirements. |
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| 5550. |
Poriferians are more primitive than cnidarians, mention some characteristics of it to justify |
| Answer» Porifera are more primitive because the do not have germ layer, nervous system and specialized cells for defense. They were evolved in 600 MYA. Cindarians are modern than porifera as they evolved in 580 MYA. They have germ layers and nervous system and specialized cells for defense and self protection. | |