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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 3051. |
Rhizosphera are pneumatophores or prop root?\xa0 |
| Answer» Rhizosphera are Pneumatophores that works as respiratory organs. | |
| 3052. |
full experiment of :to study the action of salivary amylase on starch\xa0 |
| Answer» Our ObjectiveOur aim is to study the effect of different temperatures and pH on the activity of salivary content, amylase on starch.TheoryAll living beings need energy to survive. It is from the food we consume that we get our energy. We know that the energy we are getting is by the process of digestion that breaks down the complex substance of starch into simpler molecules of glucose, which are further metabolized into CO2 and water through the process of glycolysis. The human digestive tract starts at the mouth and ends at the ****.In the BeginningThe digestion of the food starts as soon as we put food in our mouth. Our teeth cut the food into small pieces and the salivary glands secrete saliva that mixes with these food materials. The saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase which hydrolyses starch into maltose. The complete digestion of starch occurs only in the small intestine by the action of pancreatic amylase.The activity of enzymes is strongly affected by several factors, such as temperature and pH.Effect of TemperatureAll enzymes are proteinaceous in nature. At a lower temperature, the enzyme salivary amylase is deactivated and at the higher temperature, the enzyme is denaturated. Therefore, more time will be taken by an enzyme to digest the starch at lower and higher temperatures. Optimum temperature for the enzymatic activity of salivary amylase ranges from 32 °C to 37 °C. The optimum temperature means that the temperature at which the enzyme shows the maximum activity. At this optimum temperature, the enzyme is most active and hence, takes less time to digest the starch.Effect of pHThe optimum pH for the enzymatic activity of salivary amylase ranges from 6 to 7. Above and below this range, the reaction rate reduces as enzymes get denaturated. The enzyme salivary amylase is most active at pH 6.8. Our stomach has high level of acidity which causes the salivary amylase to denature and change its shape. So the salivary amylase does not function once it enters the stomach.How to test it?The effect of temperature and pH on the activity of salivary amylase on starch can be studied by using the Iodine test. If we add saliva on starch, the salivary amylase present in saliva gradually acts on starch and converts it into maltose. Starch keeps on giving blue colour with iodine till it is completely digested into maltose. At this point, no blue colour is formed. This is the end point or achromic point.\xa0 | |
| 3053. |
what is nodule formation |
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Answer» Nodules are the structures seen on the roots of leguminous plants formed due to adherence of Rhizobium sp. Legumes release various nutrients\xa0from their roots, which trigger the production of\xa0nod factors\xa0by the bacteria. When the nod factor is sensed by the root, a number of biochemical and morphological changes happen:\xa0cell division\xa0is triggered in the root to create the nodule, and the\xa0root hair\xa0growth is redirected to wind around the bacteria multiple times until it fully encapsulates 1 or more bacteria. The bacteria encapsulated divide multiple times, forming a microcolony. From this microcolony, the bacteria enter the developing nodule through a structure called an infection thread, which grows through the root hair into the basal part of the\xa0epidermis\xa0cell, and onwards into the\xa0root cortex; they are then surrounded by a plant-derived membrane and differentiate into bacteroids that\xa0fix nitrogen\xa0 Rhizobia normally live in the soil, but when there is limited soil nitrogen,\xa0legumes\xa0release flavonoids which signal to rhizobia that the plant is seeking\xa0symbiotic\xa0bacteria.When exposed to flavonoids, the Rhizobia release\xa0nodulation factor, which stimulates the plant to create deformed root hairs. Rhizobia then form an "infection\xa0thread" which allows them to enter the root cells through the root hairs.Once the rhizobia are inside the root cells, the root cells divide rapidly, forming a nodule.The rhizobia create ammonia from nitrogen in the air, which is used by the plant to create\xa0amino acids\xa0and\xa0nucleotides. The plant provides the bacteria with sugars.\xa0 The rhizobia resides inside the root and divides to form nodule.This rhizobia forms ammonia which helps to form nucleotides and amino acids in plants. Once the rhizobia are inside the root cells, the root cells divide\xa0rapidly,\xa0forming\xa0a\xa0nodule. The rhizobia create ammonia from nitrogen in the air, which is used by the plant to create amino acids and nucleotides. The plant provides the bacteria with sugars |
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| 3054. |
What is\xa0importance of\xa0plasma\xa0proteins |
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Answer» It helps to transport hydrophilic or lipophyllic molecules across the membtane The proteins present in the plasma of human blood are a mixture of simple proteins, glycoproteins, lipoproteins and other conjugated proteins are called “Plasma Proteins“. These may be separated by salt precipitation, immunological technique and electrophoresis.Functions of Plasma Protern :\tProtein Nutrition:\xa0Plasma proteins act as a source of protein for the tissues, whenever the need arises\tOsmotic Pressure and water balance:\xa0Plasma proteins exert an osmotic pressure of about 25 mm of Hg and therefore play an important role in maintaining a proper water balance between the tissues and blood. Plasma albumin is mainly responsible for this function due to its low molecular weight and quantitative dominance over other proteins.\tBuffering action:\xa0Plasma proteins help in maintaining the pH of the body by acting asampholytes. At normal blood pH they act as acids and accept captions.\tTransport of Lipids:\xa0One of the most important functions of plasma proteins us to transport lipids and lipid soluble substances in the body.\tTransport of other substances:\xa0In addition to lipids, plasma proteins also transport several metals and other substances α2-Globulins transport copper (Ceruloplasmin), bound hemoglobin (haptoglobin) and thyroxine (glycoprotein) and non-heme iron is transported by transferrin present in β-globulin fraction. Calcium, Magnesium, some drugs and dyes and several cations and anions are transported by plasma albumin.\tBlood Coagulation:\xa0Prothrombin present in α2-globulin fraction and fibrinogen, participate in the blood clotting process as follows. |
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| 3055. |
Do c3 cycle occurs both in day time and night time |
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Answer» C 3 cycle or Calvin cycle, although is a light independent reaction but it is coupled with the thylakoid electron transport chain as reducing power provided by\xa0NADPH\xa0produced in the\xa0photosystem I is requirred. Therefore at night time Calvin cycle does not take place Despite its widespread names (both light-independent and dark reactions), these reactions do not occur in the dark or at night. |
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| 3056. |
Why are presence of air bladder important in Pisces? |
| Answer» Air bladder\xa0is a gas filled sac present in fishes. It helps in maintaining buoyancy. Thus, it helps fishes to ascend or descend and stay in the water current. It is also know as\xa0Gas\xa0bladder. | |
| 3057. |
how is insulin shock caused ? |
| Answer» What\xa0Causes Insulin Shock? Having too much\xa0insulin\xa0in your blood can lead to having too little glucose. If your blood sugar falls too low, your body no longer has enough fuel to carry out its regular functions. In\xa0insulin shock, your body becomes so starved for fuel that it begins to shut down. | |
| 3058. |
What are dycots? |
| Answer» The seeds that contain two cotyledons are called docots seeds and plants are called dicotyledenous plants. | |
| 3059. |
what is the difference between monocot and dicot\xa0\xa0 |
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Answer» On the basis of venation monocots have parallel venation and dicots have reticulate venation Monocots consits of single cotyledons but dicots consisits of two cotyledons. In monocots plant cambium is not formed for secondary growth but in dicots cambium is formed for secondary growth to increase the girth of the plant. |
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| 3060. |
What is the meaning of phosphorylated?? |
| Answer» Addition of phosphat group (PO4) results into organic compound results into phosphorylated compounds. | |
| 3061. |
Define growth? |
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Answer» Any permanent change in our bodies be it increment in height,weight,homeostasis ,senescence,catabolism,anabolism e.t.c. thank you very much. Growth refers to the irreversible increase in size or weight.\xa0 Growth\xa0refers to a positive change in size, and/or maturation, often over a period of time.\xa0Growth\xa0can occur as a stage of maturation or a process toward fullness or fulfillment. It can also perpetuate endlessly, for example, as detailed by some theories of the ultimate fate of the universe. You can get your doubts cleared instantly, 24/7 with IIT/AIIMS tutors on HashLearn. Download here: http://bit.ly/2fDYZtb |
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| 3062. |
What is transpiration pull and root pressure? |
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Answer» Transpiration\xa0is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere.\xa0Transpiration\xa0is essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves.Transpiration pull is the force which aids in drawing the water upward from roots to leaves. In leaves, some amount of water is used for photosynthesis and excess water is released into atmosphere. Water molecules stick to one another through cohesion forming a column in the xylem. The negative pressure created by transpiration pull exerts a force on the water particles causing their upward movement in xylem.Root pressure\xa0is osmotic pressure within the cells of a root system that causes sap to rise through a plant stem to the leaves.\xa0Root pressure is caused by active distribution of mineral nutrient ions into the\xa0root\xa0xylem. Without transpiration to carry the ions up the stem, they accumulate in the root xylem and lower the\xa0water potential. Water then diffuses from the soil into the root xylem due to\xa0osmosis. Root pressure is caused by this accumulation of water in the xylem pushing on the rigid cells. Root pressure provides a force, which pushes water up the stem to a certain level. Root pressure is the positive pressure that develops in the xylem sap of the root of plants.Transpiration pull-Water is mostly pulled due to driving force of transpiration from the leaves. |
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| 3063. |
what is critical concentration\xa0 |
| Answer» Whenever the esupply of an essential element becomes limited, plant growth is retarded. The concentration of the essential element below which plant growth is retarded is termed as critical concentration. The element is said to be deficient when present below the critical concentration. | |
| 3064. |
how many atp\xa0formed by 1 NADH? |
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Answer» 3 atp are produced from one molecule of NADH and the breaking of NADH into ATP occurs through a cycle named ETS(electron transport system) We get 3 ATP per molecule of NADH |
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| 3065. |
What do you mean by lumen of thylakoids ? |
| Answer» A\xa0thylakoid\xa0is a membrane-bound compartment inside\xa0chloroplast\xa0and\xa0cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependant reactions\xa0of photosythesis. Thylakoids consist of a\xa0thylakoid membranesurrounding a\xa0thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as\xa0grana\xa0(singular:\xa0granum). Grana are connected by\xa0intergranal\xa0or\xa0stromathylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment. | |
| 3066. |
What is the position of ovaries in cockroach? |
| Answer» The position of ovaries in cockroach is 2nd to 6th abdominal segment. | |
| 3067. |
Where is histone protine formation occur in cell division? |
| Answer» | |
| 3068. |
What r the advantage of doing ***? |
| Answer» Ans. Some benefita of doing *** are as follow:\tSexual\xa0activity\xa0provides many of the same\xa0benefits\xa0to your heart as exercise\tIt also keeps levels of estrogen and testosterone in balance, which is important for heart health.\t\xa0Sexual\xa0activity, and specifically intercourse, is linked to better stress response and lower blood pressure. | |
| 3069. |
What is anticoagulant\xa0 |
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Answer» Heparin is an anticoagulant\xa0 The substances that prevents the coagulation of blood is called anticoagulant.it is used during surgery to prevent the blood clotting in blood vessels. |
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| 3070. |
Why\xa0does\xa0lymph\xa0contain\xa0much\xa0less\xa0protein\xa0than\xa0plasma?\xa0 |
| Answer» Ans.\xa0The hydrostatic pressure inside the blood capillaries is greater than that in the tissues, pushing fluid out. The fluid that leaks out into the interstices among the cells is a little of the watery part of the blood plasma, with all the substances it contains except for the larger proteins.Also a very small fraction of the plasma proteins escape from blood capillaries in the tissues.Hence lymph contains less proteins than blood plasma. Lymph contains relatively less of the larger proteins compared to plasma suggesting that molecular size is important in lymph filtration. | |
| 3071. |
Otba ans of theme2: learn to live well |
| Answer» | |
| 3072. |
What are the charactristics of prokaryotic cells |
| Answer» Following are the characters of prokaryotic cell -\xa01) Genetic material is not organised in true nucleus .2) It devoid of different cellorganelles except few .\xa0 | |
| 3073. |
write all the defining properties of a living organism?? |
| Answer» The defining properties of living organisms are-\tNutrition- Taking in nutrients which are organic substances and mineral ions, containing raw materials and energy for growth and tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating them.\tExcretion-Removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism\tRespiration-Chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy.\tReproduction-Progresses that make more of the same kind of organism.\tGrowth-The permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in number of cells, cell size, or both.\tMovement-An action by an organism or part of an organism that changes position or place.\xa0But growth and movement cannot be taken as defining property because there are certain living things which do not show these properties. For example, infertile couples cannot reproduce yet they are living. | |
| 3074. |
Why does our spleen always gets oxygenated blood? |
| Answer» Spleen always get oxygenated blood as it is connected to heart through portal vein. | |
| 3075. |
Difference between RENNIN & RENIN ? |
| Answer» \tRenin is an enzyme that is involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure.\tRennin AKA Chymosin, is an endopeptidase produced by some animals to curdle the milk they digest. | |
| 3076. |
What is notochord , on the basis of notochord described two major groups of animals? |
| Answer» A notochord is a primitive beginning to the backbone. It appears in embryos as a small flexible rod made from cells from the mesoderm, which is one of the three layers of cells of embryos.\xa0On the Basis of Absence and Presence of Notochord:\xa0The notochord in majority of chordates is subsequently replaced by vertebral columns, which are known as vertebrates. In the case of small number of chordates, the notochord is not being replaced by vertebral column rather notochord remains as a notochord, and they are regarded as protochordates. But in non-cordates, notochord and vertebral column both are absent. | |
| 3077. |
Enlist the characteristic features of cnidarians which show advancement over poriferans.atleast 5. |
| Answer» | |
| 3078. |
In which type of cells ribosomes are not found??\xa0 |
| Answer» Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes but they are of 70S type. Viruses do not have ribosomes as they do not have cellular organization. | |
| 3079. |
How growth and reproduction are mutually exclusive agents ?\xa0 |
| Answer» | |
| 3080. |
what is apoplast? |
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Answer» 1. Within a plant, apoplast is the space lying outside the plasma membrane consisting of intercellular spaces along with cell wall. 2. The major part of water & ions are transported by apoplastic pathway in the root cortex as cortical cells are packed loosely and offers low resistance to the flow of water. 3. The apoplastic route is blocked by a Casparian strip of endodermal cells. Hence, the symplastic route is utilized to deliver water and ion over cortex. 4. Since apoplast is made up of non-living components, the apoplastic route is least affected by the metabolic state of the root. Within a plant, the apoplast is the space outside the plasma membrane within which material can diffuse freely. It is interrupted by the Casparian strip in roots, by air spaces between plant cells and by the plant cuticle. |
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| 3081. |
What is chromatin\xa0\xa0 |
| Answer» | |
| 3082. |
What is mesosomes |
| Answer» Mesosomes or chondrioids are folded invaginations in the plasma membrane of bacteria that are produced by the chemical fixation techniques used to prepare samples for electron microscopy.These structures are invaginations of the plasma membrane observed in gram-positive bacteria that have been chemically fixed to prepare them for electron microscopy. They were first observed in 1953 by George B. Chapman and James Hillier, who referred to them as "peripheral bodies." They were termed "mesosomes" by J. D. Robertson in 1959.Most microbiologists will argue that mesosomes do not exist. They are likely an artifact of the preparation process for electron microscopy since they cannot be observed in "non-fixed" samples.However, as their existence is debatable, those who believe in their existence state that they are the infoldings in the plasma membrane, they are rich in enzymes that helps to perform functions like cellular respiration, DNA replication, secretion of glycocalyx and cell division (most important function; it increases the surface area of the cell membrane.)\xa0 | |
| 3083. |
Who has discovered the ribosomesout of PORTER ,ROBINSON, BROWN and PALADE ? |
| Answer» | |
| 3084. |
Describe the assicory glands in human |
| Answer» | |
| 3085. |
About algae |
| Answer» | |
| 3086. |
Please explain haploid and diploidAnd difference between diploid , dikaryon |
| Answer» | |
| 3087. |
Define periderm. And what role does it have??? |
| Answer» Thanx | |
| 3088. |
Class 11 biology tricks to ready ch=4 |
| Answer» Learn a example then firstly write is external features the internal one | |
| 3089. |
What is tap Root system |
| Answer» It is type of root system in which, the main or primary root is long lived it also has secondary and tertiary roots . It has root hairs which increase the surface area and take up minerals and nutrients. | |
| 3090. |
Neet leavel |
| Answer» What the question is | |
| 3091. |
Haplo-diplontic |
| Answer» | |
| 3092. |
Easy representation of kerbs cycle |
| Answer» | |
| 3093. |
Diploblastic and triploblastic |
| Answer» Diploblastic :- two germ layers in body and triploblastic means three germ layers | |
| 3094. |
What is flame cells |
| Answer» Flame cells are present in platyhelminthes. Flame cells helps in osmoregulation and excretion. | |
| 3095. |
What is microsporangia? |
| Answer» | |
| 3096. |
HiiPlease help me to get pdf ebook for Trueman\'s Biology book class 11 |
| Answer» | |
| 3097. |
Definedigesationoffood |
| Answer» Breaking down of complex molecules into simple substances with the help of certain biological digestive enzymes through a number of chemical reactions and steps is called digestion. | |
| 3098. |
How would distinguish monocots from dicots |
| Answer» Monocots have one cotyledon ,leaves have parallel venation ,root system is fibrous , flowers are trimerous and example is maize seed.Dicots have two cotyledons , leaves have reticulate venation , root system is tap ,flowers are pentamerous and example is gram seed. | |
| 3099. |
Why cell is structural and functional unit of our body? |
| Answer» Cell make tissue and after that organs, organ system, and atlast organism are formed. It means that cell is responsible for the formation of whole body as it is considered as structural unit. Main function of body or working of body starts from simplest unit, that is, cell. Therefore it is also considered as functional unit. | |
| 3100. |
What is Root system? |
| Answer» A system which is positively geotrophic lies under the soilIt consist of a primary root , secondary roots and rootlets. Some root hairs are also present on epidermis.Different regions are there :- region of elongation , region of mature cells,region of merismatic cell. | |