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18601.

Question : Define alpine zone.

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SOLUTION :The alpine zone between timber line and snow zone includes in the DESCENDING ORDER, a sub- snow zone immediately below the snow zone, a meadow zone in the centre anda SHRUB zone which GRADUALLY merges into the timber zone.
Discussion
18602.

Question : Define allergy and allergen.

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SOLUTION :The exaggerated RESPONSE of the immune system to CERTAIN antigens present in the environment is called allergy (allo-altered,erg-reaction).The SUBSTANCES to which such such an immune response is PRODUCED are called allergens.
Discussion
18603.

Question : Define allergy. Mention any two causes.

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SOLUTION :Hypersenstive response of the IMMUNE system to certain antigens PRESENT in the environment is CALLED allergy.
Discussion
18604.

Question : Define ozone hole. Name any one potent chemical that is responsible for the effect.

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SOLUTION :The decline in the THICKNESS of the ozone LAYER over restricted area is called Ozone hole. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) DAMAGES the ozone layer to a great extent.
Discussion
18605.

Question : Define : Allergy

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Solution :The EXAGGERATED response of the immune system to CERTAIN antigens present in environment is called ALLERGY.
The substance to which such immune response is produced are called allergen.
TgE TYPE antibodies are produced.
Discussion
18606.

Question : Define palaeontology.

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Solution :PALAEONTOLOGY is the STUDY of fossils of animals and PLANTS that lived in the PAST.
Discussion
18607.

Question : Define adaptive radiation. Give two examples.

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Solution :The evolution of closely related species in a GIVEN Geographical area starting from a point and LITERALLY RADIATING to other area of geography (habitats) is called adaptive radiation.
a) Darwin.s finches
B) Australian MARSUPIALS
c) Placental mammals in Australia
Discussion
18608.

Question : Give definition for organic farming?

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Solution :Organic farming is a technique , which involves cultivation of plants rearing of ANIMALS in natural ways . This process involves the use of biological materials , avoiding synthetic substances to MAINTAIN SOIL fertility and ecological BALANCE thereby minimizing pollution and wastage.
Discussion
18609.

Question : Define adaptive radiation.

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SOLUTION :The process of evolution which RESULTS in transformation of original species to MANY different VARIETIES is called adaptive radiation.
Discussion
18610.

Question :Define organic evolution in three words.

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SOLUTION :DESCENT with MODIFICATION
Discussion
18611.

Question : Define acclimatization.

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SOLUTION :The newly introuced plant has to adapt itself to the new environment. This adjustment or adaptation of the introduced plant in the CHANGED environment is CALLED ACCLIMATIZATION.
Discussion
18612.

Question : What is 'activated sludge' in sewage treatment ?

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SOLUTION :Once the BOD of sewage water is reduced significantly , the effuent is then passed into a settling tank where the BACTERIAL flocs are ALLOWED to SEDIMENT .This sediment is called activated sludge.
Discussion
18613.

Question : Define a Pureline.

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SOLUTION :PURELINE is "the progeny of a SINGLE individual obtained by self breeding'This Is ALSO CALLED as Individual pant selection.
Discussion
18614.

Question : Define organic evolutoin.

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Solution :Organic Evolution can be defined as slow, gradual, continuous and irreversible changes through which the PRESENT DAY COMPLEX forms have DESCENDED from their SIMPLE pre-existing forms of the past.
Discussion
18615.

Question : Definea. Juvenile phase b. Reproductive phase c. Senescent phase

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SOLUTION :a. Juvenile PHASE: The adult phase of vegetative development, culmi-nating in the production of reproductive structures.
b. Reproductive phase: The END of juvenile phase which marks the BEGINNING of reproductive phase by producing flowers.
c. Senescent phase: It is the period between reproductive maturity and death of a plant.
Discussion
18616.

Question : Define organic evolution in three words.

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SOLUTION :DESCENT with MODIFICATION
Discussion
18617.

Question : Define (a) Hydrosere (b) Xerosere

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Solution :HYDROSERE: SUCCESSION of plants in a freshwater ecosystem.
Xerosere: Succession of plants in AREAS with minimal amount of water.
Discussion
18618.

Question : What is Phylogeny?

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SOLUTION :Ontogeny refers to the LIFE HISTORY of an INDIVIDUAL.
Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history of a race.
Discussion
18619.

Question : What is Ethology ?

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Solution :Diapause: Some lower animals SUSPENDA certain PHASE of their life CYCLE, which is referred to as diapause.
ETHOLOGY: The study of animal behaviour, under natural conditions
Discussion
18620.

Question : Define one sex linked disorder in human ? If haemophillic man marries with haemophilic carrier female then find out the probability of haemophilic offspring.

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Solution :Haemophillia is sex linked disorder the GENE for haemophilia is present on X CHROMOSOME in case of haemophilia, there is deficiency of CLOTTING factor so clotting do not occur immediately.

50% HAEMOPHILIC
25% carrier
25% normal
Discussion
18621.

Question : Define (a) Callus (b) Embryoids

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Solution :(a) Callus is a mass of unorganized GROWTH of plant cells or tissues in VITRO culture medium
(B) The callus cells undergoes DIFFERENTIATION and produces SOMATIC embryos, known as Embryoids.
Discussion
18622.

Question : Define 'niche'.

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Solution :NICHE of an organism can be defined as the total POSITION and function of an individual in its ENVIRONMENT.
Discussion
18623.

Question : Define Net primary productivity.

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Solution :GROSS primary PRODUCTIVITY minus RESPIRATION LOSSES (R ), is the net primary productivity (NPP)
Discussion
18624.

Question : Define a cistron. Giving examples differentiate between monocistronic and polyeistronic transcription unit.

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SOLUTION :Portion of DNA having information for an entire polypeptide or trait is CALLED cistron. However by defining a cistron as a segment of DNA coding for a polypeptide, the structural gene in a transcription unit could be said as monocistronic (mostly in eukaryotes) or polycistronic (mostly in BACTERIA or prokaryotes). In eukaryotes, the monocistronic structural genes have INTERRUPTED coding sequences-the genes in eukaryotes are split.
The coding sequences or expressed sequences are defined as exons. Exons are said to be those sequence that appear in mature or processed RNA. The exons are interrupted by introns. Introns or intervening sequences do not appear in mature or processed RNA.
Discussion
18625.

Question : Define natality

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Solution :Natality is the NUMBER of BIRTHS during a given PERIOD of time. It increases the POPULATION density.
Discussion
18626.

Question : Define (a) Autecology (b) Synecology.

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SOLUTION :(a)AUTECOLOGY is the ECOLOGY of an individual species and is ALSO CALLED species ecology.
(b) Synecology is the ecology of a population or community with one or more species and also called as community ecology.
Discussion
18627.

Question : Define mutualism with an example.

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Solution :Mutualism is an INTERACTION between TWO species of organisms in which both are benefitted from the obligate association. E.g: LICHENS (alga with fungus).
Discussion
18628.

Question : Define mutation

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Solution :Sudden HERITABLE CHANGE in the genotype of an ORGANISM is CALLED MUTATION
Discussion
18629.

Question : What is antibiosis ?

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Solution :(a) Antibiosis : Property of antibiotics to KILL microbes.
(b) Superbugs : Bacterial STRAINS gained RESISTANCE against antibiotics.
Discussion
18630.

Question : Define mutagens and mention its types.

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SOLUTION :The factors which cause genetic mutation are called mutagenic AGENTS or mutagens . Mutagens are of TWO types , physical MUTAGEN and chemical mutagen.
Discussion
18631.

Question : Defination ofTrue breeding line :

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Solution :A true breeding LINE is one that have UNDERGONE continuous self pollination, shows the stable TRAIT INHERITANCE and expression for several GENERATION.
Discussion
18632.

Question : Define Mortality and Natality in population.

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SOLUTION :MORTALITY is the number of DEATHS in the population during a GIVEN period.
Discussion
18633.

Question : What is the ratio for test cross in dihybrid experiment of Mendel?

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Solution :In a typical test cross an organism SHOWING a dominant phenotype (and whose GENOTYPE is to be determined) is CROSSED with the RECESSIVE parent instead of self-crossing.
Discussion
18634.

Question : Define multiple allelism.

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Solution :When THREE or more alleles of a gene that CONTROL a PARTICULAR TRAIT occupy the same LOCUS on the homologous chromosome of an organism, they are called multiple alleles and their inheritance is called multiple allelism.
Discussion
18635.

Question : Define mortality.

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Solution :MORTALITY REFERS to the number of deaths in the population in a GIVEN PERIOD of time.
Discussion
18636.

Question : Define mesogamy and anemophily

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Answer :When pollen tube enters from integuments of OVULE for FERTILIZATION it is CALLED mesogamy. In Anemophily, pollination takes PLACE by wind.
Discussion
18637.

Question : Defination ofRecessive gene :

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Solution :The allele which is not EXPRESSED is called RECESSIVE GENE.
Discussion
18638.

Question : Defination ofPhenotype :

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Solution : It is apparent expression seen due to COMBINATION of genes eg. Tall and dwarf PLANTS.
Discussion
18639.

Question : Defination ofPunnett square :

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SOLUTION :Punnett SQUARE is a graphical representation to calculate the PROBABILITY of all possible genotypes of offspring in a GENETIC CROSS.
Discussion
18640.

Question : Which statement is correct about polygenic inheritance :

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SOLUTION :It was given by Galton in 1833. In this traits are CONTROLLED by three or more genes (multiple gene). These traits are called polygenic traits.
Discussion
18641.

Question : Defination ofPleiotropy :

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Solution :It is the PHENOMENON in which single GENE product may produce multiple or more than ONE PHENOTYPIC EFFECT.
Discussion
18642.

Question : Defination ofMultiple Allelism :

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SOLUTION :It REFERS to the occurrence of more than TWO alleles associated with a SINGLE locus although no individual CARRIES more than two. ABO blood groups inheritance in man is example of this phenomenon.
Discussion
18643.

Question : Defination ofLinkage :

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SOLUTION :The genes present on the same CHROMOSOMES TEND to be inherited together are called linked genes and this phenomenon is known as LINKAGE.
Discussion
18644.

Question : Defination ofMonohybrid experiment :

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Solution :A cross, ARRANGED for deciding whether an ORGANISM is homozygous or HETEROZYGOUS is CALLED test cross.
Discussion
18645.

Question : Defination ofHomozygous :

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Solution :It is the CONDITION representing both alleles of the same KIND. e.g. TT & tt.
Discussion
18646.

Question : Defination ofFilial progeny/F_1 generation

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Solution :The OFFSPRINGS of the first GENERATION produced from PARENT generation are said to be `F_1` individuals and they REPRESENT first filial generation.
Discussion
18647.

Question : Defination ofGenotype :

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SOLUTION :Genotype is genetic constitution for CONCERNED EXPRESSIONS of a CHARACTER. e.g. TT, Tt, tt.
Discussion
18648.

Question : Defination ofHeterozygous :

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SOLUTION : It is the condition representing TWO DIFFERENT alleles of one character e.g. TT.
Discussion
18649.

Question : Definition ofGenes :

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Solution :GENES are UNITS of INHERITANCE. They CONTAIN the information that is REQUIRED to express a particular trait in an organism.
Discussion
18650.

Question : Defination ofFactors :

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SOLUTION :Mendel PROPOSED that something was being stably passed down unchanged from parent to OFFSPRING through the gametes over successive generation. He called these THINGS as .FACTORS.
Discussion