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19251.

Question : Compare Mendelian factors with chromosome.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
19252.

Question : What is organogenesis?

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
19253.

Question : Give an examples for stenohaline and euryhaline.

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SOLUTION :Euryhaline: Organisms which can live in water with WIDE RANGE of salinity. Examples: Marine ALGAE and MARINA angiosperms.
Stenohaline: Organisms which can withstand only small range of salinity. Example: Plants of estuaries.
Discussion
19254.

Question : Compare Deforestation and Afforestation

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
19255.

Question : Compare Broad spectrum antibiotics with narrow spectrum antibiotics.

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SOLUTION :Broad - spectrum antibiotics act against a wide RANGE of disease -causing bacteria. Narrow - spectrum antibiotics are active against a SELECTED GROUP of bacterial types.
Discussion
19256.

Question : Compare and contrast the theories of avolution proposed by Darwin and Hugo De Vries.

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Solution :SALIENT features of theory of Hugo de Vries :
(a) Mutations cause EVOLUTION.
(b) New species originate due to large mutations.
(C) Evolution is a DISCONTINUOUS process and not gradual.
(d) Mutations are directionless,
(e) Mutations appear SUDDENLY.
(f) Mutations exhibit their effect immediately.
Discussion
19257.

Question : Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of Production of genetically modified crops.

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Solution :Advantages of GM crops : (1) make crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses. (COLD, drought, salt, heat) (2) REDUCED reliance on chemical pesticides (pest resistant crops) (3) helped to reduce post harvest losses. (4) increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants (this prevents early exhaustion of fertility of SOIL). (5) enhanced nutritional value of food, e.g golden rice, i.e. vitamin A enriched rice.
Disadvantages of GM crops : (1) Such crops sometimes damages its nearby crops. (2) It damages natural atmosphere. (3) Transgenic PRODUCT sometimes responsible for CAUSING allergy
Discussion
19258.

Question : Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantagesof production of genetically modified crops.

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SOLUTION :Advantages
Increased yield
minimum USE of pesticides
Minimum use of fertilizer resistant plants.
Developing disease resistant and stress tolerant plants
Developing NUTRITIONAL enhancement in plants.
Disadvantages
Gene flow will result in cross pollination with wild relatives
Genetically modified crops may evolve toxic metabolities due to recombination.
Affect the livelihood of farmers of THIRD world COUNTRIES.
Discussion
19259.

Question : Compare and Contrast the insitu and exsitu conservation.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
19260.

Question : Compare Alpha diversity with Beta diversity.

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Solution : (i) Alpha DIVERSITY. It is measured by counting the number of taxa (usually species) within a particular area, community or ECOSYSTEM.
(ii) BETA diversity: It is species diversity between TWO adjacent ECOSYSTEMS and is obtaining by comparing the number of species unique to each of the ecosystem
Discussion
19261.

Question : Companion cells in plants are asociated with

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Vessels
Sperms
Orchids
Rhododendrons.

Solution :The companion cells OCCUR only in ANGIOSPERMS where they accompany most sieve tube elements.Companion cell is a specilased type of parenchyma cell cpmpanion cell is a speciliased type of parenchyma cell which is closely ASSOCIATED In ORIGIN,position and funtion with seive tube elements.THese cells are livinf having abudant granular cytoplasm of the prominet elongated nucleus.Usually,the nuclei of the companion cell serve for the nuclei of the tubes as they them.The companion cells do not contain strach.They live only so long as the sieve tube element with which they are associated and they are crushed with those cells.Longitudinal division of the mother cell of the sieve tube element a companion cell and other sieve tube element.
Discussion
19262.

Question : Companion cells

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Are SPECIALISED sclerenchymatous CELLS
Are specialised parenchymatous cells
Are ASSOCIATED with phloem fibres
Are without CELL wall

Answer :B
Discussion
19263.

Question : Community is a group of interbreeding natural population.

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True
False

Answer :SPECIES
Discussion
19264.

Question : Communities that exist in the aphotic zone ultimately depend on food manufactured by the chemoautotrophic bacteria or

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algae and cyanobacteria that ALSO live in the aphotic zone
algae and cyanobacteria that live in the aphotic zone
decomposers
MINERALS found on the ocean bottom

Answer :B
Discussion
19265.

Question : Commonly is a mature fertillised ovule n, 2n and 3n condition is respectively found in

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EGG, NUCELLUS and endosperm
egg, ANTIPODALS and nucellus
endosperm, nucellus and egg
antipodals, SYNERGIDS and integuments

Answer :A
Discussion
19266.

Question :Commonly used vectors for human genome sequencing are :

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`T // A` CLONING vectors
T DNA
BAC and YAC
Expression vectors

Answer :D
Discussion
19267.

Question : Commonly used reporter gene that utilises histochemical assay in plant expression vector is :

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TAC
GAT
CAT
TAG

Answer :C
Discussion
19268.

Question : Commonly used vectors for human genome sequencing are

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T-DNA
BAC and YAC
Expression VECTORS
T/A CLONING vectors

Solution :BAC and YAC
Discussion
19269.

Question : Commonest defect in teeth is

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Misplacements
Apperance of WISDOM teeth
Nonappearance of wisdom teeth
Mottling.

Answer :A
Discussion
19270.

Question : Common roundwarm infecting human beings is

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ASCARIS lumbricoides
enterbius vermicularis
anksylostoma duodenale
wuchereria bancrofti

Answer :A
Discussion
19271.

Question : Common product formed due to the activity of transketolase enzyme during C_3 cycle

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RIBULOSE - 5 - phosphate
Ribose- 5 - phosphate
Xylulose - 5 - phosphate
Fructose - 5 - phosphate

ANSWER :C
Discussion
19272.

Question : Common pansy has :

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Cleisotgamous FLOWERS
Chasmogamous flowers
UNISEXUAL flowers
Both (A) and (B)

ANSWER :D
Discussion
19273.

Question : Common passage for food and air in humans is

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OESOPHAGUS
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Larynx

Answer :C
Discussion
19274.

Question :Common organic acids found in both Chloroplast and mitochondria in C_4plants are

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PGA, PA
OAA,MA
PEP,MA
Aspartic ACID , OAA

Answer :B
Discussion
19275.

Question : Common intestinal bacterium of human is

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ESCHERICHIA coli
Salmonella typhi
Entamoeba coli
Clostridium tetani

Answer :A
Discussion
19276.

Question : Common form of food storage in a fungal cell is:

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Starch
Sucrose
Glucose
Glycogen

Answer :D
Discussion
19277.

Question : Common detritivores in our ecosystem are _____

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SOLUTION :EARTHWORM
Discussion
19278.

Question : Common detritivores in our ecosystem are:

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INSECT and bird
algae and fungi
bacteria and plant
earthworm and snail

Answer :D
Discussion
19279.

Question : Common detritivores in our ecosystem are ...

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SOLUTION :EARTHWORM
Discussion
19280.

Question : Common detritivores in our ecosystem are _____________ .

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SOLUTION :BACTERIA and EARTHWORMS.
Discussion
19281.

Question :Common between vegetative reproduction and apomixis is

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Both APPLICABLE to dicots
Both BYPASS flowering phase
Both OCCUR AROUND the year
Both produce PROGENY identical to parent

Answer :D
Discussion
19282.

Question : Common baterium used in genetic engineering is :

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E.coli
Diplococcus
Rhizobium
Spirillium

Answer :A
Discussion
19283.

Question : Commercial use of Bio-resources by unauthorised person or organisation is called

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Biopatent
Patent
Biopiracy
Bioethics

Answer :C
Discussion
19284.

Question : Comment on Trisomy-21

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Solution :Trisomic condition of chromosome - 21 results in Down.s syndrome. It is characterized by severe mental retardation, defective development of the central nervous system, increased SEPARATION between the eyes, flattened NOSE, ears are malformed, mouth is constantly OPEN and the tongue protrudes.
Discussion
19285.

Question : Comment on the utility of variability in number of tandem repeats during DNA finger printing.

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Solution :Tandemness in repeats provides many copies of the sequence for FINGERPRINTING, and VARIABILITY in NITROGEN BASE sequence in them. Beingindividualspecific, this proves to be useful in the process of DNA fingerprinting.
Discussion
19286.

Question : Comment on the statement that "evolution and natural selection are end result or consequence of some other processes but themselves are not processes".

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Solution :Due to the process like tendency of living organisms of rapid reproduction, but limited FOOD resources, space and ecological niches.
There OCCURS interspecific and intraspecific struggle for the basic needs of life.
Individuals develop variations either due to MUTATIONS or RECOMBINATIONS of genes.
Population becomes heterogenous.
Natural selection operates on this heterogeneity.
This FAVOURS speciation by differential and faster reproduction of individuals with variations.
It indicates that Evolution and Natural selection are consequences of some other processes.
Discussion
19287.

Question :Comment on the Reproductive and Child Health care programme of the government to improve the reproductive health of the people.

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Solution : India is a first country of the world. It has initiated universally accepted reproductive health to achieve as social goal at national level isolation programme.
This programme is called family planning, it was started in 1951 and in last decade it was reviewed time to time. In improved programme more reproductive health related fields were covered and made functional in present time, it is POPULARLY NAMED as (RCH - Reproductive and child health CARE programme).
The major tasks of these programmes to create awareness among people about various reproduction related ASPECTS and to provide facilities and support BUILDING up a reproductively healthy society.
Discussion
19288.

Question : Comment on the J-shaped growth form.

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Solution :When a population increases rapidly in an exponential fashion and then STOPS abruptly due to environmental RESISTANCE or due to.sudden appearance of a limiting factor, they are SAID to exhibit J-shaped growth form. Many insects show explosive INCREASE in number during the RAINY season followed by their disappearance at the end of the season
Discussion
19289.

Question : Comment on the growth curve given below.

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Solution :• A population growing in a habitat with limited resources show initially a lag phase, followed by phases of ACCELERATION and deceleration and finally an asymptote, when the population density reaches the carrying capacity. A plot of population density (N) in relation to TIME (t) results in a sigmoid curve. Here, r is intrinsic rate of NATURAL increase and K is carrying capacity of the environment. This type of population growth is called Verhulst-Pearl LOGISTIC Growth and is described by the
• `(dN)/(dt) = rN ((K - N)/(K))(dN)/(dt) = rN (1 - N/K)`
`(1 - N/K)` Environmental resistance.
Discussion
19290.

Question : Comment on the following figures: 1, 2 and 3: A, B, C, D, G, P, Q, R, S are species

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Solution :• Fig. I : It is a SINGLE population and all individuals are of the same species, i.e. A - Individual interact
• among themselves and their ENVIRONMENT - Intraspecific interaction.
• Fig. II : It is a community and it contains three populations of species A, B and C. They interact with each other and their environment - Interspecific interaction.
• Fig. III : It is a biome. It contains three COMMUNITIES of which one is in CLIMAX and other two are in different stages of DEVELOPMENT. All three communities are in the same environment and they interact with each other and their environment.
Discussion
19291.

Question : Comment on the followingposter perpared by a group of studentsas part of theirseminar.

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Solution :Industrialisationand deforesatation result in INCREASE of greenhousegases like `CO_(2)` and `N_(2)O` , thethereby enhancingglobal warming . The enhancementin GLOBAL temperaturemakes life diffcult on thisearth . It leads to meltingof glaciers and risein the level of sea. In orderto reducegreenhousegases wemust change our habit . We mustcontrol air pollution from industries and stop defroestion.
Discussion
19292.

Question : Comment on the following diagrams: A, B, C. D, G, P, Q, R, S are species

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Solution :Fig. I : It is a single population and all INDIVIDUALS are of the same species i.e. A. Individual interacts among themselves and their ENVIRONMENT.
Fig. II: It is a community and it CONTAINS THREE populations of species A,B and C. They interact with each other and their environment.
Fig. III : It is a biome. It contains three communities, among which one is in climax and other TWO are in different stages of development. All three communities are in the same environment and they interact with each other and their environment.
Discussion
19293.

Question : Comment on the essential features required for an ideal contraceptive.

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Solution :An ideal contraceptive should be user friendly easily available, effective and REVERSIBLE with no or least side EFFECT.
It ALSO should in no way INTERFERE with the sexual DRIVE, desire and or the sexual act of the user.
Discussion
19294.

Question : Comment on the chromosomal condition , 2n - 2.

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SOLUTION :LOSS of pair of homologous from the diploid SET is called Nullisomy . Selfing of MONOSOMIC plants produces Nullisomics . They are generally lethal.
Discussion
19295.

Question : Comment on Malaria vaccine

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Solution :Malaria VACCINE is used to prevent malaria.The only approved vaccine as of 2015 is RTS,S(Mosquirix).It requires four injections and has relatively LOW efficacy (26-50%).Due to this low efficacy ,WHO does not recommend the use of RTS,S vaccine in babies between 6 and 12 WEEKS of AGE
Discussion
19296.

Question : Comment on SCID.

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Solution :ADA deficiency or SCID (Severe Combined Immuno Deficicney) is an autosomal recessive metabolie disorder. It is caused by the DELETION or dysfunction of the gene coding for ADA ENZYME. n these patients the nonfunctioning T-Lymphocytes cannot elicit IMMUNE responses against INVADING pathogens
Discussion
19297.

Question : Comment on 'Saheli'

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SOLUTION :Saheli is an oral contraceptive pill provided by Central DRUG Research Institute in Lucknow, INDIA. It contains a non-steroidal hormone preparation CALLED centchroman.
Discussion
19298.

Question : Comment on its other applications

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Solution :it is used in FORENSIC work - to SOLVE the PROBLEMS of rape and number
it is used to determine POPULATION and genetic diversities to study evolution.
Discussion
19299.

Question : Comment on In situ conservation and Ex-situ conservation.

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SOLUTION :In-situ conversations (on site conservation ) - Conserve and protect the WHOLE ecosystem, its biodiversity at all levels. PROTECTION of SPECIES in their natural habitat. E.g. , We SAVE the entire forest to save the tiger. Ex- situ conservation (off site conservation) : Involves placing threatend animals and plants in special care units for their protection. e.g., Botanical garden zoo
Discussion
19300.

Question : Give a detailed account on Golden rice.

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Solution :Golden rice is a very of Oryza sativa (rice) produced through genetic engineering of biosynthesized beta-carotene, a precursor of Vitamin-A in the edible parts of rice developed by Ingo Potrykus and his group. The aim is to produce a fortified food to be grown and consumed in AREAS with a shortage of dietary Vitamin-A, which kills so many children under five year age. Golden rice DIFFERS from its parental strain by the addition of three beta-carotene biosynthesis genes NAMELY .psy. (phytoene synthase) from daffodil plant Narcissus pseudonarcissus and .crt-I. gene from the soil bacterium Erwinia auredorora and .lye.(lycopene cyclase) gene from wild-type rice endosperm.
The endosperm of normal rice, does not CONTAIN beta-carotene. Golden-rice has been done using Recombinant DNA technology. Golden rice can control childhood blindness-Xerophthalmia.
Discussion