Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

2001.

Question : What is meant by the term bio-pesticide ? Name and explain the mode of action of a popular bio pesticide.

Answer»

SOLUTION :Biopesticide is a pesticide which is (a) not chemical in nature (b) more specific in action against the pest (C) SAFER for environment than chemical pesticides
A popularly known bio-pesticide is Bt toxin, which is produced by a bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis. Bt toxin gene has been cloned from this bacterium and expressed in plants. Bt toxin protein when ingested by the insect, gets converted to its active form due to the alkaline pH of the GUT. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells and create PORES that cause cell swelling and lysis and EVENTUALLY kills the insect.
Discussion
2002.

Question : What is meant by species composition of any ecosystem?

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Solution :SPECIES composition MEANS all the PLANT, animal and microbial species in an ecosystem.
Discussion
2003.

Question : What is meant by synaptonemal complex ?

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Solution :Synaptonemal complex is a highly ORGANISED organised STRUCTURE of filaments that facilitates the SYNAPSIS and CHIASMA formation during CROSSING over mechanism.
Discussion
2004.

Question : What is meant by single cell protein? Give example.

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SOLUTION :Single CELL PROTEINS are microbes grown on an industrial SCALE as a source of good protein.
e.g. SPIRULINA
Discussion
2005.

Question : What is meant by selectable marker?

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Solution :Selectable marker is a gene which HELPS in identifying and ELIMINATION non-transformant and selectively permitting the GROWTH of the TRANSFORMANTS.
Discussion
2006.

Question : What is meant by saying that the energy flow in an ecosystem is unidirectional?

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Solution :The energy flow in an ECOSYSTEM is UNIDIRECTIONAL means energy FLOWS in ONE direction only from producer to consumers and does not come back to source.
Discussion
2007.

Question :What is meant by replacement level with reference to human population growth?

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SOLUTION :Replacement level is the number of children a couple MUST produce to REPLACE themselves.
Discussion
2008.

Question : What is meant by productivity of an ecosystem?

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Solution :The rate of BIOMASS production PER UNIT area in a unit time is called PRODUCTIVITY. It can be expressed in terms of gm /`m^2`/year or Kcal/`m^2`/ year.
Discussion
2009.

Question : What is meant by petrifaction?

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SOLUTION :When animals die the original portion of their body MAY be replaced molecule for molecule by minerals and the original substance being LOST through disintegration. This method of fossilization is called petrifaction. The principle mineralsi nvolved in this TYPE fossilization are iron pyrites, silica, calcium carbonate and bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium.
Discussion
2010.

Question : What is meant by parturition? Describe changes occurring in uterus during this period.

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Solution :The average duration of human pregnancy is about 9 months which is CALLED the gestation period.
Vigorous contraction of the UTERUS at the end of pregnancy causes expulsion/delivery of the foetus. This process of delivery of the foetus is called parturition.
Parturition is induced by a complex neuroendocrine mechanism.
The signals for parturition originate from the fully developed foetus and placenta which induce mild uterine contractions called foetal ejection reflex.
This triggers release of oxytocin from the maternal PITUITARY.
Oxytocin acts on the uterine muscle and causes stronger uterine contractions which in TURN stimulates further secretion of oxytocin.
The stimulatory reflex between the uterine contraction and oxytocin secretion continues resulting in stronger and stronger contractions.
This leads to expulsion of the body out of the uterus through the birth canal - parturition.
SOON after the infant is delivered the placenta is also expelled out of the uterus.
Discussion
2011.

Question : What is meant by parthenogenesis? Give examples.

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Solution :PARTHENOGENESIS is the development o an organism from unfertilized FEMALE gemete e.g., TURKEY, HONEY bee
Discussion
2012.

Question : What is meant by PAR?

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SOLUTION :PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION
Discussion
2013.

Question : What is meant by mycorrhiza ?

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SYMBIOSIS of ALGAE and FUNGUS
Symbiosis of algae and PLANTS
Symbiosis of fungus and plants
Symbiosis of BACTERIA and algae

Solution :Symbiosis of fungus and plants
Discussion
2014.

Question : What is meant by monosporic development of female gametophyte?

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Solution :In MONOSPORIC developmen of FEMALE gametophyte, only ONE megaspore becomes functional and produces the COMPLETE 7 celled 8 nucleated embryo sac or female gametophyte.
Discussion
2015.

Question : What is meant by monosporic development of female gametophyte ?

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Solution :In monosporic TYPE of embryo sac one of the SPORE TETRADS is FUNCTIONAL which is used for the development of female gametophyte or embryo sac .
Discussion
2016.

Question : What is meant by L.H. Surge ? Write the role of L.H.

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SOLUTION :LH surge refers to MAXIMUM LEVEL of luteinising hormone MIDDLE of MENSTRUAL cycle. LH causes ovulation.
Discussion
2017.

Question : What is meant by humification?

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SOLUTION :It is the PROCESS of FORMATION of HUMUS.
Discussion
2018.

Question : What is meant by heterosis?

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Solution :Heterosis is hybrid VIGOUR. It means hybrids are healthier, stronger, better ADAPTED than the parents and are DISEASE RESISTANT as WELL as drought resistant.
Discussion
2019.

Question : What is meant by germplasm collection? What are its benefits?

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Solution :The collection and preservation of alldifferent wild VARIETIES, species and RELATIVES of cultivated species so as to conserve their gene pool with all available alleles of all the genes of a crop plant is called germplasm collection. The breeder selects the most FAVOURABLE CHARACTER of a particular gene and manipulates its transfer to a desirableparent
Discussion
2020.

Question : What is meant by germplasm collection ? What are its benefits ?

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Solution :The collection of diverse alleles of all the genes of a crop plant is called GERMPLASM collection. It is of GREAT benefits in plant breeding programmes it offers to the breeders, the entire of genes and alleles and the characteristics which they express. The breeder SELECTS the most favourable characters of a gene and manipulates its transfer to a desirable parent.
Discussion
2021.

Question : What is meant by growth models ?

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Solution :• Growth model shows the specific and predictable pattern of growth of population with TIME.
• Growth of population takes place according to availability of food, habit condition and presence of other BIOTIC and abiotic factors.
• There are two main types of models:
• (a) Exponential Growth: This kind of growth occurs when food and space is available in sufficient amount.
• When resources in the habitat are unlimited, each species has the ability to realise fully its innate potential to grow in number .
• The population grows in an exponential or geometric fashion.
• If in a population of size N, the birth rates as REPRESENTED as .b. and death rate as .d..
• Then increase and decrease in N during unit period time .t. will be
`dN//dt = (b - d) xx N`
Let `(b - d) = r`, then
`dN//dt = rN`.

• Then, the r in this equation is called .intrinsic rate of natural increase. and is a very important parameter chosen for assessing impacts of any biotic or abiotic factor on population growth.
• To give some idea about the magnitude of r values, for the Norway rat the r is 0.015, and for the flour beetle it is 0.12.
• In 1981, the r value for human population in India was 0.0205.
• The above equation describes the exponential or geometric growth pattern of a population and results in a J-shaped curve when we plot N in relation to time.
• If you are familiar with basic calculus, you can derive the INTEGRAL form of the exponential growth equation as
`N_t= N_0 e^(rt)`
where `N_t` = Population density after time t
`N_0` = Population density at time zero
r = intrinsic rate of natural increase
e = the base of natural logarithms (2.71828)
• Any species growing exponentially under unlimited resource conditions can reach enormous population DENSITIES in a short time.
• Darwin showed how even a slow growing animal like elephant could reach enormous numbers in the absence of checks.
Discussion
2022.

Question : What is meant by gene cloning ?

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SOLUTION :Gene cloning is a process in which a gene of interest is ligated to a vector. The RECOMBINANT DNA THUS PRODUCED is introduced in a host cell by transformation. Each cell gets one DNA MOLECULE and when the transformed cell grows to a bacterial colony, each cell in the colony has a copy of the gene.
Discussion
2023.

Question : What is meant by euploidy?

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SOLUTION :The PRESENCE of WHOLE sets of CHROMOSOMES is called euploidy.
Discussion
2024.

Question : What is meant by emasculation ? When and why does a plant breeder employ this technique ?

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Solution :It is the REMOVAL of anthers before anthesis from the bisexual flower which is USED as fermale parent . During HYBRIDISATION the plant BREEDER uses this techniqueto PREVENT self pollination.
Discussion
2025.

Question : What is meant by emasculation?

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Solution :Emasculation is the removal of IMMATURE anthers by using a pair of FORCEPS from a bisexual FLOWER bud before the anthers DEHISCE.
Discussion
2026.

Question : What is meant by Ecosystem resilience?

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Solution :Ecosystem is DAMAGED by DISTURBANCES from fire, flood, predation, infection and drought, etc., removing a great amount of biomass. However, ecosystem is endowed with the ability to RESIST the damage and recover quickly. This ability of ecosystem is called ecosystem resilience or ecosystem ROBUSTNESS.
Discussion
2027.

Question : What is meant by emasculation?(A) Pollination between flower of same plant(B) Pollination between flowers of different plant(C) Removal of the anthers(D) Artificial pollination

Answer»

POLLINATION between FLOWER of same plant
Pollination between FLOWERS of DIFFERENT plant
Removal of the anthers
Artifical pollination

Answer :C
Discussion
2028.

Question : What is meant by ecological succession?

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Solution :The GRADUAL and PREDICTABLE CHANGE in the species composition of a GIVEN area is called ecological succession.
Discussion
2029.

Question : What is domestication of plants?

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Solution :DOMESTICATION is the procss of BRINGING a plant species under the control of HUMANS and GRADUALLY changing it through careful selection, genetic alteration and handling so that it is more useful to people.
Discussion
2030.

Question : What is meant by dispersal of seeds?

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SOLUTION :The dispersal of SEEDS refers to the movement of seeds to the DISTANT PLACES from the parent PLANTS.
Discussion
2031.

Question : What ismeantby competitiverelease ?

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SOLUTION :A specieswhosedistributionis restrictedto a smallgeographicalareabecause OFTHE PRESENCEOF a completelysuperiorspecies is foundtoexpanditsdistributionalrangedramaticallywhen the competingspeciesisexperimentallyremoved.
Discussion
2032.

Question : What is meant by coacervate?

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Solution :Coacervate is the term given by HALDANE to the substances present on the PRIMITIVE EARTH.
Discussion
2033.

Question : What is meant by chromosomal mutation?

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SOLUTION :CHANGE in the STRUCTURE of a CHROMOSOME
Discussion
2034.

Question : What is meant by biological indicators ? Give example .

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Solution :The plant species or plant COMMUNITY acts as a measure of ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, it is referred as biological indicators or phytoindicators or plant indicators. E.g: Lichens as `SO_2`POLLUTION indicator.
Discussion
2035.

Question : What is meant by accelerated eutrophication?

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Solution :Pollutants from ANTHROPOGENIC activities LIKE effluents from the industries and homes can RADICALLY accelerate the aging process. This phenomenon is known as CULTURAL or ACCELERATED Eutrophication.
Discussion
2036.

Question : What is meaning of National Park ?

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In which WILD life is strictly reserved.
Where grazing and CULTIVATION ACTIVITIES are not allowed.
Where forestry activity is not allowed.
Given all

Solution :Given all
Discussion
2037.

Question : What is Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome?

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SOLUTION :All women are BORN with ovaries, but some do not have functional uterus. This CONDITION is CALLED Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome.
Discussion
2038.

Question : What is mass extinction? Will you encounter one such extinction in the near future? Enumerate the steps to be taken to prevent it.

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Solution :The EARTH has experienced QUITE a few mass extinctions due to ENVIRONMENTAL ca A mass extinction OCCURRED about 225 million years ago during the Permian, where shallow water marine invertebrates DISAPPEARED.
Discussion
2039.

Question : Whatis mass extinction ?

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Solution :Itis theextinctionof LARGE SCALE speciesdue to ENVIRONMENTAL catastrophe.
Discussion
2040.

Question : What is male heterogamety? Explain sex determination in human

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Solution :Male heterogamety is the phenomenon where the males produce two different types of gametes/sperms some with X-chromosome and some with Y-chromosome with reference to sex chromosomes.
The males have an X - Chromosome and another small, but characteristically shaped Y - Chromosome i.e., males have XY-Chromosomes along with other AUTOSOMES.
The females have two Y-chromosomes along with other autosomes.
It is a case of male heterogamy, where the males produce two types of sperms, `50%` of sperms having X-Chromosome and the other `50%` with Y-Chromosome
The female are HOMOGAMETIC and produce all OVA with one X - Chromosome each.
Sex of an individual is decided at the time of fertilization by the kind of sperm fertilizing the OVUM
it is as given below
Discussion
2041.

Question : What is male climacteric?

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Solution :Climacteric is the decline in testes FUNCTIONING due to DECREASE in testosterone secretion in late 40s or 50S in MALES.
Discussion
2042.

Question : What is mainly obtained from Mushroom ?

Answer»

Lipid
Carbo hydrates
Mineral elements
PROTEIN

Solution :Protein
Discussion
2043.

Question : What is maida? Mention its culinary purpose.

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Solution :Processed wheat flour, that has LITTLE fibre, is called Maida which is used EXTENSIVELY in making parota, naan and bakery PRODUCTS.
Discussion
2044.

Question : What is Lyonisation?

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SOLUTION :Lyonisation is a PROCESS of INACTIVATION of one of the X CHROMOSOMES in some females.
Discussion
2045.

Question : What is LSD?

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SOLUTION :It is the most potent HALLUCINOGEN obtained from DRIED fruiting bodies of ergot FUNGUS.
Discussion
2046.

Question : What is loam soil?

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SOLUTION :A mixture of CLAY (20%), silt (40%), sand (40%)
Discussion
2047.

Question : Define:- Liver cirrhosis

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SOLUTION :Alcohol interferes with the ABILITY of the liver to break down fat.Over time fat ACCUMULATION and high LEVELS of alcohol destroy the liver cells and a scar tissue grows in the place of dead cells.This scarring of the liver is CALLED"Liver cirrhosis"
Discussion
2048.

Question : What is leucopenia and erythrocytopenia?

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Solution :The DECREASE in the NUMBER of white blood cells is CALLED leucopenia whereas DECREASES in the number of red blood cells is called ERYTHROCYTOPENIA.
Discussion
2049.

Question : Define lethal allele

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Solution :An allele which has the potential to CAUSE the DEATH of an organism is CALLED a ''Lethal Allele''. E.Baur reported a lethal GENE in snapdragon.
Discussion
2050.

Question : What is "let-down reflex"?

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SOLUTION :Oxytocin CAUSES the “Let-Down” reflex the actual EJECTION of milk from the ALVEOLI of the mammary glands. During lactation, oxytocin also STIMULATES the recently emptied uterus to contract, helping it to return to pre-pregnancy size.
Discussion