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2301.

Question : What is contact inhibition? Mention the types of tumors.

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Solution :It is the VIRTUE of cell, of which contact with other cells inhibits their UNCONTROLLED growth. TYPES- a) BENING tumors
B)Malignant tumors
Discussion
2302.

Question : What is constituted by sperm and secretions from seminal vesicle, prostate glands and Bulbourethral glands ?

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ANSWER :SEMEN
Discussion
2303.

Question : What is considered as a landmark in the origin of life?

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SOLUTION :The FORMATION of protein molecules during the process of origin of LIFE is CONSIDERED as a landmark in the origin of life.
Discussion
2304.

Question : What is complete linkage?

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Solution :(i) If the chances of separation of two LINKED genes are not possible those genes always remain together as a result, only parental combinations are observed.
(ii) The linked genes are located very close together on the same CHROMOSOME such genes do not exhibit crossing over.
(iii) This PHENOMENON is called COMPLETE linkage. It is RARE but has been reported in male Prosophila. (C.B Bridges)
Discussion
2305.

Question : What is competitive release?

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Solution :"A species, whose DISTRIBUTION is RESTRICTED to a SMALL geographical area because of the presence of a competitively superior species, is found to expand its distributional RANGE DRAMATICALLY when the competing species is experimentally removed.
Discussion
2306.

Question : What is common to whale, seal and shark '(

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Thick SUBCUTANEOUS FAT
Convergent evolution
Homoiothermy
SEASONAL migration.

Solution :Convergent evolution
Discussion
2307.

Question : What is competitive exclusion? Give example.

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Solution :It is a PRINCIPLE proposed by Gause. It state that two closely related species competing for the same resources cannot co EXIST indefinitely and the competitively inferior one will be eliminated eventually.
The Abingdon tortoise became EXTINCT on Galapagos island within a decade by the introduction of goats. Goats were better BROWSERS than the tortoise.
Discussion
2308.

Question : What is common to the techniques (i) in vitro fertilisation, (ii) Cryopreservation and (iii) tissue culture ?

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All are in situ conservation methods.
All are ex situ conservation methods.
All require ultra modern equipment and LARGE space.
All are methods of conservation of EXTINCT organisms.

SOLUTION :All are ex situ conservation methods.
Discussion
2309.

Question : What is common tothe techniques (i) In vitro fertilisation , (ii) Cryopreservation and (iii) Tissue culture ?

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All are in situ conservationmethods
All are EX situ conservationmethods
All require ultra - MODERN EQUIPMENT and large SPACE
All are methods of conservation of extinct organisms.

Answer :A
Discussion
2310.

Question : What is common to whale , seal and shark ?

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HOMEOTHERMY
Seasonal MIGRATION
Thick subsutaneous FAT
CONVERGENT evolution

Answer :D
Discussion
2311.

Question : What is common to the species shown in figures A and B ?

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SOLUTION :Both the SPECIES are CONSERVED in their NATURAL HABITATS.
Discussion
2312.

Question : What is common to the species shown in figures A and B ?

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SOLUTION :Both are INVASIVE WEED SPECIES.
Discussion
2313.

Question : What is common to the following plants: Nepenthes, Psilotum, Rauwolfia and Aconitum ?

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All are ornamental PLANTS
All are phylogenic link SPECIES
All are prone to over exploitation
All are exclusively PRESENT in the Eastern Himalayas.

Solution :All are prone to over exploitation Nepenthes, PSILOTUM, Rauwolfia and Aconitum, all are prone to over-exploitation.
Discussion
2314.

Question : Whatis common to thefollowing plants : Nepenthes, Psilotum , Rauwolfia and Aconitum ?

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All are ORNAMENTAL plants .
All are phylogenci link SPECIES .
All are PRONE to over EXPLOITATION .
All areexclusively presentin the Eastern Himalayas.

Answer :C
Discussion
2315.

Question : What is common to Lantana, Eichhornia and African catfish ?

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All are ENDANGERED species of India.
All are keystone species.
All are mammals found in India.
All the species are neither THREATENED nor INDIGENOUS species of India.

Solution :All the species are neither threatened nor indigenous species of India.
LANTANA, Eicchornia and African catfish, all the species are neither threatened nor indigenous species of India.
Discussion
2316.

Question : What is common to earthworm, mushroom, soil mites and dung beetle in an ecosystem?

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SOLUTION :They are all DETRITIVORES i.e., decomposing ORGANISMS which feed on dead REMAINS of plants and animals.
Discussion
2317.

Question : What is common to earthworm, mushroom, soil mites and dung beetle in an ecosystem.

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Solution :They are KNOWN as PRIMARY consumers in detritus FOOD chain. They are also known as DETRITIVORES also.
Discussion
2318.

Question : Whatis common to Lantana, Eichhornia and African catfish ?

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All are ENDANGERED spcecies of INDIA
All are key STONE SPECIES
All are MAMMALS found in India
All the species areneitherthreatened norindigenous species of India.

Answer :D
Discussion
2319.

Question : What is common in Whale, Bat and Rat ?

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Absence of neck
Muscular diaphargm between thorax and ABDOMEN
Extra-abdominal testes to avoid HIGH TEMPERATURE of body
PRESENCE of external ears .

Answer :B
Discussion
2320.

Question : What is common between vegetative reproduction and apomixis ?

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Both occur ROUND the year
Both PRODUCE progeny identical to the parent
Bothe are applicable to only DICOT plants
Both bypass the flowering to only PLANT

Answer :B
Discussion
2321.

Question : What is common between parrot, platypus and kangaroo ?

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TOOTHLESS JAWS
FUNCTIONAL post-end tail
Ovoparity
HOMEOTHERMY

SOLUTION :Homeothermy
Discussion
2322.

Question : What is common among the Australian marsupials like,koala,wombat,sugar glider,etc.?

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SOLUTION :They all have a COMMON MARSUPIAL ancestor.So they SHOW adaptive radiation.
Discussion
2323.

Question : What is commensalism? Give an example.

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SOLUTION :It is type of INTERACTION in which one species benefits and the other is neither BENEFITTED nor harmed.
Ex : Orchids GROWING as an EPIPHYTE on mango trees,
Barnacles growing on the back of whale
Discussion
2324.

Question : What is commensalism? Give an example

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Solution :Commensalism is referred to as the interaction between two species where on one species is BENEFITED and the other is neither harmed nor benefited, e.g.,
1) An orchid GROWING as an epiphyte on a mango tree. The orchid gets SHELTER and nutrition from mango tree, while the mango tree is neither benefited nor harmed.
2) Barnacles growing on back of whale.
3) Cattle egret and grazing cattle.
4) Sea ANEMONE with stinging tentacles and the clown fish.
Discussion
2325.

Question : What is commensalism?

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Solution :Commensalism is the interaction in which one SPECIES BENEFITS and the other is NEITHER harmed nor benefited. E.g. An orchid is an epiphyte growing (benefitted) on the branches of trees (which is neither harmed nor benefitted).
Discussion
2326.

Question : What is commensalism ? Explain withany two examples.

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SOLUTION :This is the interaction in whichone species benefitsand the otheris neitherbenefited norharmed .
Orchidsgrowing as an epiphyte on a mangobranch .
CLOWN fishliving amongtentacles of sea ANEMONE .
Barnacles on backof whales .
Cattle EGRET and grazingcattle .
Discussion
2327.

Question : What is colostrum? Write its significance.

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Solution :The mammary glands secrete a yellowish FLUID called colostrum during the initial few days after parturition. It has less lactose than milk and almost no fat, but it CONTAINS more proteins, vitamin A and minerals. Colostrum is also rich in IgA antibodies. This helps to PROTECT the infant.s DIGESTIVE tract against BACTERIAL infection.
Discussion
2328.

Question : What is colostrum?

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Solution :Colostrum is milk, produced during INITIAL few DAYS after the PARTURITION. It is rich in ANTIBODIES.
Discussion
2329.

Question : What is Colostrum ?

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Solution :The MILK produced during the INITIAL few days of LACTATION is CALLED Colostrum.
Discussion
2330.

Question : What is cloeoptile and coleorhiza ?

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Solution :In monocot embryo , the plumule is covered by a protective sheath called COLEOPTILE and the radical along with ROOT CAP is covered by a protective sheath called COLEORHIZA.
Discussion
2331.

Question : Give an account on colchicine.

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SOLUTION :It is a CHEMICAL AGENT can INDUCE POLYPLOIDY.
Discussion
2332.

Question : What is codon?

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Solution :A BASE triplet on mRNA chain is known as CODON.
Discussion
2333.

Question : What is codominance ? Explainit with the help of a suitable example.

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Solution :1.Codominance : When both the genes of an ALLELOMORPHIC pair express themselves equally in `F_(1)`hybrid, the dominance is called codominance.
2. Explanation of codominance with a suitable example:
(1) The inheritance of COAT colour in cattle is the classic example of codominance.
(2)There are two types of coat colour in cattle, viz, RED (skin with red hair ) and white (skin with white hair )
(3) When a red cattle (RR) is crossed with a white cattle (WW) , the`F_(1)`hybridsposses roam colour (RW) .
(4) Roans possess a mixture or red and white colour side by side.This shows that both red and white traite are expressed equally.
(5) Further when roans are interbred, red, roans , and white are
PRODUCED in 1:2:1ratio, which is evident from a cross given below :

Phenotypes = 1 Red, 2 Roans , 1 White
Phenotypic ratio `= 1 :2 : 1 `
Genotypic ratio `= 1 :2 :1 `
Discussion
2334.

Question : What is codominance?

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Solution :The PHENOMENON in which two alleles are both expressed in HETEROZYGOUS individuals in known as codominance. It is a TYPE of intragenic interaction.
Example: ABO Blodd GROUP system in humans.
Discussion
2335.

Question : What is co-extinction ? Explain with a suitable example.

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Solution :When a SPECIES becomes extinct, the plant and ANIMAL species ASSOCIATED with it in an obligatory way also become extinct.
When a host fish species becomes extinct, its unique assemblage of parasites also meets the same fate.
Another example is the case of a coevolved plant pollinator MUTUALISM where extinction of one invariably leads to the extinction of the other.
Discussion
2336.

Question :What is co-evolution? Explain with example,

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Solution :The interaction between organisms, when continues for generations, involves reciprocal changes in GENETIC and morphological characters of both organisms. This type of EVOLUTION is called Co-evolution. It is a kind of co-adaptation and mutual change among interactive SPECIES.
Examples:
Corolla length and proboscis length of BUTTERFLIES and moths (Habenaria and Moth).
ird.s beak shape and flower shape and size.
Discussion
2337.

Question : What is CNG?

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SOLUTION :It is COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS
Discussion
2338.

Question : What is co-evolution?

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Solution :The interaction between organisms, when continues for generations, INVOLVES reciprocal changes in genetic and morphological characters of both organisms. This type of evolution is called Coevolution. It is a kind of co-adaptation and mutual change among INTERACTIVE species. Examples:
COROLLA length and proboscis length of BUTTERFLIES and moths (Habenaria and Moth).
Bird.s BEAK shape and flower shape and size.
Discussion
2339.

Question :What is cleistogamy ? Write one advantage and one disadvantage of it, to the plant.

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SOLUTION :Flowers which are never open to ensure self-pollination is called CLEISTOGAMY. They remain closed so that cross-pollination does not occur.
Cleistogamy has the advantage that the PLANT produces assured seed set even in the absence of pollinators and disadvantage is that self-pollination occur which reduces chances of VARIATION and EVOLUTION of genetically superior progeny.
Discussion
2340.

Question : What isgene cloning?

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Solution :To produce ORGANISMS of same genotype from a SINGLE parent by ASEXUAL reproduction.
Discussion
2341.

Question : What is circulatory system?

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SOLUTION :The system in which blood is CIRCULATED throughout the body is CALLED CIRCULATORY system.
Discussion
2342.

Question : Define chiasmata.

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Solution :After CROSSING over in tetrad STAGE (Mieotic prophase I) the non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes make a contact at one or more POINTS called CHIASMA. X-shaped STRUCTURES are formed where breaking and rejoining of chromatids occur.
Discussion
2343.

Question : What is chipko movement.

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SOLUTION :It is a MOVEMENT of tree (forest) PROTECTION where local people HUG TREES when attempts are made to cut them.
Discussion
2344.

Question : What is Chipko movement?

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SOLUTION :It is a movement of LOCAL women of Garhwal Himalayas who showed enormous bravery in protecting trees from the axe of CONTRACTORS by hugging the trees.
Discussion
2345.

Question : What is chemiosmosis? Who proposed the chemiosmotic hypothesis?

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Solution :The movement of ions across a SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE membrane down their electrochemical gradient is called CHEMIOSMOSIS and DR MITCHELL proposed the chemiosmotic hypothesis.
Discussion
2346.

Question : What is chemiosomosis ? Describe the role of chemiosmosis in generation of ATP.

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Solution :1. Chemiosmosis : The movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane down their electrochemical gradient is called chemiosmosis.
2. Role of chemiosmosis in generation of ATP :
(1) Chemiosmosis plays an IMPORTANT role in gnertation of ATP during respiration and phostosynthesis.
(2) During respiration, the ATP is generated in mitochondria while in photosynthesisit is generated in chloroplasts.
(3) In both these processes, the generation of ATP occurs byt the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane.
4. In photosynthesis,the movement of hydrogen ions occurs through thylakoid imembrane leading to the accumulation of protons (hydrogen ions) in their lumen.
(5) When hydrogen ions (protons) diffuse from an area of higher concentration of protons to an area of lower concentration of protons, an electrochemical concentration gradient of protons is established.
(6) According to Dr Peter Mitchell who proposed the chemiosmotic hypothesis, the electrochemical concentration gradient of protons is responsible for the synthesis of ATP under the influence of the enzyme ATP synthase by the PROCESS of chemiosmosis.
(7) It is BELIEVED that DUE to the splitting of water molecules on the innerside of the thylakoid membrane protons (hydrogen ions) accumolate within the lumen of the thylakoids.
(8) The NADP reductase enzyme is located on the stroma side of the membrane.
(9) Along with the electrons that come from ferredoxin, protons are required for the reduction of NADP to `NADPH_(2)` . Therefore,protons decrease in the stroma and increase in the lumen of the thylakoid.
(10) Owing to this a proton gradient is established across the thylakoid mimbrane. This results in spontaneousmovement of protons generating energy which is utilized for the synthesis of ATP.
Discussion
2347.

Question : What is chalaza?

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SOLUTION :The BASAL part of the NUCELLUS is called chalaza.
Discussion
2348.

Question : What is central dogma and describe the packing of DNA helix ?

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Solution :Francis Crick proposed the central dogma in molecular biology which states that the genetic INFORMATION flows from DNA`rarr`RNA `rarr`Protein.

In some viruses (retrovirus) the flow of information is in reverse direction is from RNA to DNA, it is called Reverse transcription (central dogma reverse).
RNA of these viruses FIRST synthesises DNA in the presence of enzyme reverse transcriptase.
DNA then transfers information to RNA which takes part in translation to form polypeptide.
This process was reported by Temin and Baltimore, hence this process is also known as Teminism.
Discussion
2349.

Question : What is cause of flag forms in trees?

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Solution :UNIDIRECTIONAL wind STIMULATES the development of FLAG forms in trees.
Discussion
2350.

Question : What is cattle food ?

Answer»

Amylase
Cellulase
ENSILAGE
Carboxylase

Solution :Ensilage
Discussion