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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 2351. |
Question : What is carbon sequestration? |
| Answer» Solution :Carbon sequestration is the PROCESS of capturing and STORING `CO_2`which reduces the amount of` CO_2`in the ATMOSPHERE with a GOAL of reducing global climate change. | |
| 2352. |
Question : What is meant by capping and tailing? |
| Answer» Solution :In capping an unusual nucleotide, methyl GUANOSINE triphosphate is added at the 5. end of hnRNA, WHEREAS ADENYLATE RESIDUES (200-300) (Poly A) are added at the 3. end in tailing. | |
| 2353. |
Question : What is cancer? How is a cancer cell different from the normal cell? How do normal cells attain cancerous nature ? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :An abnormal and uncontrolled division of cells is termed as Cancer. The cancerous cells are different from the normal cells in the following ways.  In our body, the growth and differentiation of cells is highly controlled and regulated. The normal cells show a PROPERTY called contact inhibition. The surrounding cells inhibits uncontrolled growth and division of cells. The normal cells lose this property and become cancerous cells GIVING rise to masses of cells called tumors. Transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells is INDUCED by some physical, chemical and BIOLOGICAL agents (carcinogens). |
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| 2354. |
Question : What is Cantharophily ? |
| Answer» Solution :The cross POLLINATION of FLOWERS by beetles is CALLED cantharophily. The beetles FEED the pollen or on some of the juicy TISSUES of the flowers. | |
| 2355. |
Question : What is called when new species entering a geographical region ? |
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Answer» AMERICAN SPECIES |
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| 2356. |
Question : What is called the spreading of cancerous cells in the body? |
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Answer» METASTASIS |
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| 2357. |
Question : What is called the zygote formed due to fertilization of microgamete and megagamete ? |
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Answer» GAMETOCYTE |
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| 2358. |
Question : What is called the relative richness of different one habitat to species along a gradient another habitat within the community ? |
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Answer» `ALPHA`-diversity |
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| 2359. |
Question :What is called the purification method of dirty water in urban areas by municipality ?(A) Water treatment(B) Sewage treatment(C) Dirty Water treatment(D) Water purification |
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Answer» WATER TREATMENT |
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| 2360. |
Question : What is called the conservation of genetic resources outside their natural habitat ? |
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Answer» In-situ conservation |
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| 2361. |
Question : What is called the area in which they have rich plant and animal species and of which many are endemic and endangered ? |
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Answer» hot spots |
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| 2362. |
Question :What is called reproductive health ? Explain in short. |
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Answer» Solution :Each person living in society possesses reproductive organs physically and functionally. When we use the term reproductive health that means HEALTHY reproductive organs and NORMAL functions. When we look at BROADER perspective it INCLUDE BEHAVIOUR, emotional and social aspects. According to the world health organization reproductive health means a total well being in all aspects of reproduction. Therefore a society with people having physically and functionally normal reproductive organs and normal educational and behavioural interactions among them in all sex related aspects might be called reproductive health. |
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| 2363. |
Question : What is called relative richness of different species in a habitat ? |
| Answer» Solution :`alpha`-diversity | |
| 2364. |
Question : What is called menstrual cycle? Describe its phases? |
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Answer» Solution :The reproductive cycle in the female primates (eg. Monkeys, apes and human beings) is called menstrual cycle. The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called menarche. In human females, menstruation is repeated at an average interval of about 28/29days and the cyle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one is called the menstrual cycle. One ovum is released (ovulation) during the middle of each menstrual cycle. Menstrual cycle or events of uterus cycle are cycle changes occuring in endometrium. Female sex hormones produced in blood are estrogen and projesterone, are responsible in their layer. The events of this cycle can be divided in 28 days in following 3 phases. Menstrual phase (Day 1-5) : the menstrual flow results due to breakdown of endrometrial lining of the uterus and its blood VESSELS which forms liquid that comes out through vagina. It lasts for 3-5 days. 50 ML to 150 ml blood is wasted during this time. This phase is also called menstrual phase. Lack of menstruation may be indicative of pregnancy. However it may also be caused due to some other underlying causes like stress, poor health etc. Follicular phase (day 6-14) : During this phase the primary follciles in the ovary grow to become a FULLY mature Graafian follicle and simultaneously the endometrium of uterus regenerates through proliferation. These changes in the ovary and the uterus are induced by changes in the level of pituitary and ovarian hormones. The secretion of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) increases gradually during the follicular phase and stimulates follicular development as well as secretionof ESTROGENS by the growing follicles. In the middle of cycle (about `14^(th)` day) both LH and FSH attain a peak level. Rapid secretion of LH leading to its maximum level during the mid cycle called LH surge induces RUPTURE of Graafian follicle and there by the release of ovum (ovulation).  Luteal phase (Day 15 to 28) ovulation : The ovulation (ovulatory phase) is followed by the luteal phase during which the remaining parts of the Graafian follicle transform as the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone which is essential for maintenance of the endometrium. Such a Endometrium, layer of uterus is necessary for the implantation of the fertilised ovum and other events of pregnancy. During pregnancy of events of menstrual cycle stop and there is no menstruation. In the absence of fertilisation, the corpus luteum degenerates. Thus causes disintegration of endometrium leading to menstruation marking a new cycle. In human beings, menstrual cycles ceases around 50 years of age that is termed as menopause. Cyclic menstruation is an indicator of normal reproductive phase and extends between menarche and menopause. |
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| 2365. |
Question : What is called mobile genetic ? |
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Answer» PLASMID |
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| 2366. |
Question : What is called Gandhari from the following ? |
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Answer» LANTANA |
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| 2367. |
Question : What is called C-peptide ? |
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Answer» PROINSULIN - more STRETCHED |
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| 2368. |
Question : What is called all genes of a population from the following ? |
| Answer» Solution :Gene pool | |
| 2369. |
Question : What is called as skin cancer ? |
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Answer» LEUKEMIA |
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| 2370. |
Question : What is cadaveric transplantation? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :When the donor is DECEASED, then such transplantation of kidney is called cadaveric transplantation. | |
| 2371. |
Question :What is C - value paradox ? |
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Answer» HAPLOID DNA content |
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| 2372. |
Question : What is Bt toxin ? Namean organism that produces it ? How has man exploited it ? |
| Answer» Solution :CRY PROTEIN , BACILLUS thuringiensis, As BIOPESTICIDE in COTTON plant. | |
| 2373. |
Question : What is Bt toxin? How does this toxin kill cotton boll worms? |
| Answer» Solution :It is a toxin produced by bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and is used as a bio- pesticide. Inactive toxin PROTEIN crystals are converted in to an active form due to the alkaline pH in the gut of boll WORMS. The activated toxin binds to the SURFACE of midgut epithelial cells and CREATES pores that cause SWELLING, lysis and eventually death of boll worms, which feed on the leaves of genetically modified cot plants. | |
| 2374. |
Question : What is Bt cotton? |
| Answer» Solution : Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria and expressed in COTTON to provide RESISTANCE from insects WITHOUT the REQUIREMENT of insecticides in Bt cotton, | |
| 2375. |
Question : What is 'Brood Parasitism' ? Give an example. |
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Answer» Solution :.Brood Parasitism. It is a parasitism in which the parasitic bird LAYS its eggs in the nest of its host, and lets the host incubate them. EG : CUCKOO(KOEL) exhibits parasitism on the host bird crow to nourish its egg. |
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| 2376. |
Question : What is brood parasitism? Explain with the help of an example. |
| Answer» Solution :BROOD parasitism in birds is fascinating example of parasitism in which the parasitic bird lays its eggs in the nest of its HOST and LETS the host INCUBATE them. During the course of evolution, the eggs of the parasitic bird have evolved to resemble the host. s egg in size and color to reduce the chances of the host bird detecting the foreign eggs and EJECTING them from the nest. | |
| 2377. |
Question : What is brood parasitism? |
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Answer» Solution :In brood parasitism parsitic BIRD lays its EGGS in the nest of its host and lets the host incubate them. During the caurse of evolution, the eggs of parasitic bird have evolved to resemble the HOSTS in size and colour to reduce the chances of the host bird DETECTING the parsites egg and ejecting them from the nest. e.g. The cuckoo and the CROW. |
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| 2378. |
Question : What is BOD ? |
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Answer» AMOUNT of `O_2` utilised by aquatic organisms in water. |
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| 2380. |
Question : What is bioremediation? Give some exapmles of bioremediation. |
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Answer» Solution :It is defined as the use of microorganism or plants to clean up environmental pollution. It is an approach used to treat wastes including wastewater, industrial waste and SOLID waste. Bioremediation proccess is applied to the removal of oil, petrochemical residues, PESTICIDES or heavy metals from soil or ground water. In many cases, Bioremediation process is a cheaper and eco-friendly approach and can be deal with lower CONCENTRATION of contaminants more effectively. the strategies for biorenediation in soil and water can be as follows: (i) Use of indigeous microbial population as indicator species for bioremediation process. (ii) Bioremediation with the addtion of adapted or designed microbial inoculants. (III) Use of plants fro bioremediation- green technology. Some examples of bioremediation TECHNOLOGIES are: (i) Phytroremediation- use of plants to bring about remediation of environmental pollutants. (ii) Mycoremediation- use of fungi to bring about remediation of envronmental pollutants. (iii) Bioventing is the process that increases the oxygen or air flow to accelerate the degradation of environmental pollutants. (iv) Bioleaching is the uses of microorganism in soltuition to recover mental pollutants from contaiminated sites. |
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| 2381. |
Question : What is biopsy? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :HISTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION of the AFFECTED TISSUE. | |
| 2382. |
Question : What is biopsy test? Mention any two techniques of cancer detection and diagnosis. |
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Answer» Solution :A thin piece of the suspected TISSUE is sliced into thin SEGMENTS, stained and examined under microscope is called biopsy test. Techniques of cancer diagnosis Radiography CT SCAN MRI Use of antibodies Techniques of MOLECULAR biology |
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| 2383. |
Question :What is Biopiracy ? |
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Answer» Solution :Biopriacy : Use of bio-resources by MNCS and other organizations WITHOUT proper authorization from countries and people concerned without compensatory payment. Industrialized and developed nations are ECONOMICALLY RICH, but poor in biodiversity while opposite prevails for developing nations. Therefore, developed countries exploit TRADITIONAL knowledge and resources of poor countries for commercialization. 1. This is a matter of injustice since inadequate compensation and benefit sharing is given to poor countries in return. Therefore, steps should be taken by developing countries to prevent this exploitation. 2. The Indian parliament has recently introduced second amendment of Indian patents bill to deal with these issues. |
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| 2384. |
Question : Define Biopharming . Give its uses . |
| Answer» Solution :Biopharming also known as molecular pharming is the production and use of TRANSGENIC plants genetically engineered to produce pharmaceutical SUBSTANCE for use of human beings. This is also called ..molecular farming or pharming .. . These plant are DIFFERENT from medicinal plants which are naturally available. | |
| 2385. |
Question : What is biopiracy? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :It is the use of BIORESOURCES by MULTINATIONAL companies without proper authorisation from the countries and PEOPLE concerned without compensatory payment. | |
| 2386. |
Question : What is biomagnification? Name two well studied toxic substances causing this phenomenon |
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Answer» Solution :Biomagnification or Biological magnification is defined as increase in concentration of toxicants at successive tropic levels Toxic substances cannot be matabolised or EXCRETED, therefore they GET accumulated in an ORGANISM and passed onto higher tropic levels. Effects of mercury and DDT accumulation in birds : CALCIUM metabolism in birds is disturbed which RESULTS in thinning of eggshell. This leads to decline in bird population. |
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| 2387. |
Question : What is Biomagnification and what is the main reason for Biomagnification? |
| Answer» Solution :It is the increas in concentration of the toxicant at successive trophic levels in a food chain which is CALLED Biomagnification. It happens because a TOXIC substance accumulated by an ORGANISM can not be metabolised or excreted and is thus passed on to the NEXT HIGHER trophic level. | |
| 2388. |
Question : What is Biomagnification? |
| Answer» Solution :It is the phenomenon in which harmful CHEMICALS GET accumulated in the tissues of organisms in INCREASING concentration at SUCCESSIVE trophic LEVELS, as they travel along the food chain. | |
| 2389. |
Question : What is biological significance of Azotobacter in agriculture? |
| Answer» Solution :FIXES FREE `N_2`of the AIR and INCREASES the soil fertility | |
| 2390. |
Question : What is Biological magnification ?(A) increase in energy at every trophic level in aquatic food chain.(B) Increase in protein in the aquatic food chain.(C) Increase in toxic substances which are non degradable in the aquatic food chain.(D) Increase in size of animals from equator towards poles. |
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Answer» Increase in energy at every trophic level in aquatic food chain. |
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| 2391. |
Question : What is biological oxygen demand ? |
| Answer» Solution :The BOD (Biological oxygen demand ).BOD refers to the amount of the oxygen that WOULD be consumed , if all the organic matter in ONE litre of water were oxidized by bacteria . Thesewage water is TREATED TILL the BOD is reduced . The greater the BOD of the WASTE water more is its polluting potential. | |
| 2392. |
Question : What is biogeochemical cycle? Explain its types. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :CIRCULATION of nutrients within the ecosystem or biosphere is KNOWN as biogeochemical cycles and also CALLED as "cycling of materials.. There are two basic types, 1. Gaseous cycle - It includes atmospheric Oxygen, Carbon and Nitrogen cycles. 2. Sedimentary cycle - Itincludes the cycles of PHOSPHORUS, Sulphur and Calcium - Which are present as sediments of Earth. |
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| 2393. |
Question : What is biodiversity ? Why has itbecomeimportantrecently ? |
| Answer» Solution :Biodiversitycan bedefinedas thevastarray ofspeciesof MICROORGANISMS, algae, FUNGI, plants and animalsoccuringon the EARTH eitherin the terrestrial or aquatichabitatsand the ecologicalcomplexes of which theyare a part . | |
| 2394. |
Question : What is biofortification? Mention four examples for biofortified crops. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Breeding crops which produce higher levels of nutrients like vitamins, minerals, PROTEINS and healthier fats to improve public health. Eg : (a) Vitamin A enriched CARROTS, spinach, pumpkin (b) Vitamin C enriched bitter GOURD, bathua, mustard, tomato. (c) Iron and calcium enriched spinach and bathua (d) Protein enriched BEANS - broad, lablab, french and graden peas. |
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| 2395. |
Question : What is Biofortification ? Explain selective breeding with suitable example . |
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Answer» Solution :1. Biofortlflcation : (1) Biofortification is a method of crop breeding to increase the nutritional value of crops. (2) There are two methods of crop breeding for biofortification. These are selective breeding and genetic MODIFICATION. (3) Selective breeding : (i) Selective breeding involves the search of seed or germplasm banks for existing VARIETIES of crops that are rich in nutrients. (ii) These HIGH nutrient varieties are then crossbred with high yielding varieties of crops to obtain seeds with increased nutritional value and high yields. (iii) The selective method of breeding is more prevalent these days as it is cheaper, quicker and less controversial than those crops that are genetically engineered. (4) The vitamin A is of GREAT help in overcoming the disorders caused due to its deficiency. Likewise Atlas-66 a variety of wheat with high protein content has been used as donor to cultivated varieties of wheat for their improvement. (5) Protein enriched beans and garden peas, vitamin A enriched carrots, spinach and pumpkin and vitamin C enriched bitter gourd, tomato, bathua and mustard have also been developed at IARI, New Delhi. |
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| 2396. |
Question : What is biofortification? |
| Answer» Solution :biofortificatuion is breeding CROP with higher levels of VITAMINS and minerals or higher protein and healthier fats. It is the most practical MEANS to improve PUBLIC health. | |
| 2397. |
Question : What is biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test ? At what stage of Sewage treatment this test is performed? BOD level of three samples of water labelled as A,B and C are 30mg/L, 10mg/L and 500 mg/L respectively. Which sample of water is most polluted? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :The BOD test MEASURES the rate of UPTAKE of oxygen by MICROORGANISMS in a sample of water. BIOLOGICAL treatment or secondary treatment Sample .c. is most polluted because it has highest BOD level among the three sample of water. |
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| 2398. |
Question : What is Bio piracy? Explain it with reference to Basmati rice |
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Answer» Solution :It is term used to REFER to the use of bio RESOURCES by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment. eg :- Basmati rice grown in India is distinct for its unique flavour and aroma but an American company GOT patent and rights on Basmati through the US patent and trademark OFFICE. The new variety of Basmati has been developed by this company by crossing an Indian variety with the SEMI - dwarf varieties. |
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| 2399. |
Question : What is big bang? |
| Answer» Solution :A BIG explosion of the cosmic MATERIAL into FRAGMENTS throwing AWAY the hydrogen atoms and related nuclei which became ORGANISED into galaxies. | |
| 2400. |
Question : What is benthic zone? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The DARK ZONE near the BOTTOM of a WATERBODY | |