Saved Bookmarks
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 2451. |
Question : Mention the agent that causes allergy? |
| Answer» Solution :The EXAGGERATED RESPONSE of the IMMUNE SYSTEM to certain antigens PRESENT in the environment is called allergy. | |
| 2452. |
Question : What is an allergy? Name the two chemicals released by mast cells in the body during allergy. |
| Answer» SOLUTION : Allergy : The exaggerated response of the immune system to CERTAIN ANTIGENS present in the environment. Histantine and SEROTONIN | |
| 2453. |
Question :What is an allele? |
| Answer» Solution : An alternate form of a gene for a character PRESENT on identical loci of two homologous CHROMOSOMES is KNOWN as an allele. | |
| 2454. |
Question : What is an algal bloom ? |
| Answer» Solution :Presence of LARGE amounts of NUTRIENTS in waters causes excessive GROWTH of planktonic (free floating) algae called an algal bloom. | |
| 2455. |
Question : What is Amoebic dysentery and give its symptoms ? |
|
Answer» Solution :Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan PARASITE in the LARGE intestine of human which CAUSES AMOEBIASIS(amoebic dysentery). Symptoms of this disease include constipation, abdominal pain and cramps, stools with excess mucous and blood clots. Houseflies act as mechanical carriers and serve to transmit the parasite from faeces of infected person to food and food products, thereby contaminating them. Drinking water and food contaminated by the faecal matter are the main source of infection. |
|
| 2456. |
Question : What is Amenalism ? |
| Answer» Solution :In amensalism on the other HAND one SPECIES is HARMED whereas the other is UNAFFECTED. | |
| 2457. |
Question : What is commensalism? Give an exmaple. |
|
Answer» SOLUTION :It is an interaction between two different organisms in which ONE is harmed and other is NEITHER harmed nor benefied. e.g. PENICILLIUM produces toxin - Peniclillin which kills other micro organisms like bacteria WITHOUT affecting itself. |
|
| 2458. |
Question : What is amniocentesis ? Why a statutory ban is imposed on this technique ? |
| Answer» Solution :Amniocentesis involves taking a small SAMPLE of the AMNIOTIC FLUID that surrounds the foetus to diagnose for CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES. | |
| 2459. |
Question : What is 'Alu' sequence? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Alu' sequence is 300 BASES LONG common form of transponsons found in HUMANS. | |
| 2460. |
Question : What is Altitude sickness? |
| Answer» Solution :It is a temporary sickness experienced in HIGH ALTITUDE places because in the low atmospheric pressure. In low atmospheric pressure in the high ALTITUDES, the body doesn.t get enough oxygen. Its symptoms include nausea, FATIGUE and heart palpitations. | |
| 2461. |
Question : What is alternative splicing? |
|
Answer» Solution :It is very useful in regulating gene expression to overcome the environmental stress in plants. (i) Alternative splicing is an important mechanism / process by which multiple mRNA's and multiple proteins products can be generated from a SINGLE gene. The different proteins generated are called isoforms. (ii) There are various modes of alternative splicing. When multiple introns are present in a gene, they are REMOVED separately or as a unit. In certain CASES ONE or more exons which is present between the introns are also removed. Significance of alternative splicing (i) The proteins transcribed from alternatively spliced mRNA containing different AMINO acid sequence lead to the generation of protein diversity and biological functions. (ii) Multiple protein isoforms are formed. (iii) It creates multiple rnRNA transcripts from a single gene. A process of producing related proteins from a single gene thereby the number of gene products are increased. (iv) It plays an important role in plant functions such as stress response and trait selection. The plant adapts or regulates itself to the changing environment. |
|
| 2462. |
Question : Whatis allergy ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The EXAGGERATED responeof theimmune SYSTEMTO certainantigenspresent in theenvironmentis CALLED ALLERGY. | |
| 2463. |
Question : What is allelomorphic pair? |
| Answer» Solution :Allelomorphic PAIR indicates the ALTERNATIVE forms of the same GENE, | |
| 2464. |
Question : What is Allen's Rule? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Mammals from colder CLIMATES generally have shorter ears and LIMBS to minimise heat LOSS. | |
| 2465. |
Question : Find out what do the terms 'algal bloom' and ‘red tides' signify. |
|
Answer» Solution :Presence of large amount of organic nutrients in water causes excessive growth of planktonic or free floating algae called algal bloom. Due to this COLOUR of water bodies GET changed. This may cause deterioration of the water quality and fish mortality. Water HYACINTH (Eichhornia crassipes) is the world.s most problematic aquatic weed. They are introduced into India for their beautiful flowers that have caused havoc by their excessive growth by CAUSING blocks in our water bodies. This weed is commonly known as .Terror of Bengal.. 
|
|
| 2466. |
Question : What is algal bloom? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Excessive growth of planktonic algae by the increse of LARGE amount of nutrients in water is CALLED algal BLOOM. | |
| 2467. |
Question : What is alcoholic fermentation. |
|
Answer» SOLUTION :Conversion of GLUCOSE to ethyl alcohol is known as alcoholic FERMENTATION. `C_6 H_12 O_(6) to 2C_2 H_5 OH + 2CO_2 + "ENERGY"` |
|
| 2468. |
Question : Define air pollution. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The ALTERATIONS or changes in the composition of the Earth.s atmosphere by natural or HUMAN ACTIVITIES (anthropogenic factors) are REFERRED as Air Pollution. | |
| 2469. |
Question : What is Albedo effect and write their effects? |
| Answer» Solution :Gases let out to atmosphere causes climatic change. Emission of dust and aerosols from INDUSTRIES, AUTOMOBILES, forest fire, `SO_(2)`and DMS (dimethyl sulphur) play an IMPORTANT role in DISTURBING the temperature level of any region. Aerosols with small particles is reflecting the SOLAR radiation entering the atmosphere. This is known as Albedo effect. | |
| 2470. |
Question : What is Agar? Mention its role in plant tissue culture. |
| Answer» Solution :AGAR is a complex mucilaginous polysaccharide OBTAINED from marine ALGAE (sea weeds), USED as solidifying agent of CULTURE media. | |
| 2471. |
Question : What is age structure? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The relative PROPORTION of individuals of various AGE groups in the POPULATION is called age structure. | |
| 2472. |
Question : What is agglutination? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :It is the process of FORMATION of clumps of antigens by ANTIBODIES thus immobilising them for EASY disposal by phagocytes through INGESTION. | |
| 2473. |
Question : What is AIDS ? |
|
Answer» Solution :The word AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Defecieny SYNDROME. This means deficiency of immune system, acquired during the lifetime of an individual indicating that it is not congenital disease. Syndrome means a group of symptoms. It was first reported in 1981 in the USA. In the last twenty five years or so, it has spread all over the world killing more than 25 million persons. It was first time reported in INDIA in the year 1986, in Tamil-nadu. It is caused by the Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV), a member of a group of viruses called retrovirus. They have an envelope enclosing RNA as a genetic material. After the successful entry in the human BODY, the virus enters in the macrophage. And with help of reverse transcriptase enzyme DNA replication OCCURS. This phenomena is known as temenism. By this viral DNA, it produces new virus constantly. Macrophage acts as a factory of HIV. At this time, HIV enters in the helper T-lymphocytes and by duplication it reproduces and progenies of virus come into existence. Newly constructed virus, make the prey to T-cells by blood. So number of T-cells decreases. Helper T-cells (WBCs-lymphocytes) become less in number. So, there is long, persistence of fever and weight loss occurs. Due to deficient Immunity, various infections occur. 
|
|
| 2474. |
Question : What is agamogeny? |
| Answer» Solution :PRODUCTION of OFFSPRING carried out by a single PARENT WITHOUT the fusion of two gametes is called agamogeny. | |
| 2475. |
Question : What is afforestation? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The creation of FORESTS in treeless regions is AFFORESTATION. | |
| 2476. |
Question : What is adaptive radiation ? When can adaptive radiation be referred to as convergent evolution ? Give an example. |
|
Answer» Solution :The proce·ss of evolution that STARTS from a single point and radiates in different directions is CALLED adaptive radiation. Adaptive radiation can be referred to as convergent evolution if more than one adaptive radiation OCCURS in an isolated geographical area. Example : Australian marsupials and placental mammals show convergent evolution. Australian marsupials evolved from a single ancestor and placental mammals exhibit similarities with their CORRESPONDING marsupials such as placental wolves and Tasmanian wolves. |
|
| 2477. |
Question : What is adenoma? |
| Answer» Solution :Adenoma is the cancer of thyroid, PITUITARY, adrenal and other GLANDULAR TISSUES. | |
| 2478. |
Question : Adjuvant. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :ADJUVANT is a substance added during VACCINE PREPARATION which improves the immune response to TOXOIDS. | |
| 2479. |
Question : What is adaptive radiatien? Glve example. |
| Answer» Solution :Evolution of different species in a GIVEN geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of GEOGRAPHY (habitats) is CALLED ADAPTIVE radiation. e.g., Darwin.s finches. | |
| 2480. |
Question : What is adaptive radiation? |
| Answer» Solution :ADAPTIVE radiation is the development of NEW forms from the EXISTING one due to getting ADAPTED to different environments. | |
| 2481. |
Question : What is adaptation? |
| Answer» Solution :Adaptations is any attribute of the ORGANISM (morphological, PHYSIOLOGICAL, behavioural) that enables the organisms to survive and REPRODUCE in its HABITAT. | |
| 2482. |
Question : What is Active immunity? |
|
Answer» Solution :When a HOST is exposed to antigens, which may be in the FORM of living or dead microbes or other proteins, antibodies are PRODUCED in the host body. This type of immunity is called active immunity. Active immunity is slow and TAKES time to give its full effective response. Injecting the microbes deliberately during immunization or infectious organisim gaining access in the body during natural infection induce active immunity . |
|
| 2483. |
Question : What is acclimatization? |
| Answer» Solution :Animals are known to modify their response to ENVIRONMENTAL changes (stress) in reasonably short time spans. This is known as Acclimatization. This is observed when people who have moved from the PLAINS to HIGHER altitudes show enhanced RBC count within a few days of settling in their new habitat. This helps them cope with lower atmospheric OXYGEN and higher oxygen DEMAND | |
| 2484. |
Question : What is Acclimatisation ? |
| Answer» Solution :Animals are known to modify their response to environmental changes (stress) in reasonably short time spans. This is known as Acclimatization. This is observed when PEOPLE who have MOVED from the plains to higher altitudes show ENHANCED RBC count within a few days of settling in their new habitat. This helps them COPE with lower atmospheric oxygen and higher oxygen demand | |
| 2486. |
Question : What is a tree line? |
| Answer» Solution :When we go up the altitude, BEYOND a particular height no TREES are found and the VEGETATION COMPRISES only of shrubs and herbs. The altitude beyond which no tree is SEEN is known as tree line. | |
| 2487. |
Question : What is a Translator ? |
|
Answer» Solution :(i) the pollen in each anther lobe unites into a mass forming pollinium which is attached to the STICKY clip like structure called corpusculum. (II) The FILAMENTOUS part arising from each pollinium is called retinaculum. (iii) The whole structure looks like INVERTED LETTER 'Y' and is called translator. (iv) This is a special adaptation to effect pollination. Example: Calotropis. |
|
| 2488. |
Question : What is a test cross? Write its significance. |
| Answer» Solution :The CROSS MADE between F, hybrid with only the recessive parent is KNOWN as Test cross. It can be performed to known WHETHER F, hybrid is HOMOZYGOUS or heterozygous. | |
| 2489. |
Question : What is a sobole ? |
|
Answer» |
|
| 2490. |
Question : What is a somatic embryo? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :EMBRYO that DEVELOPS from SOMATIC CELLS | |
| 2491. |
Question : What is a replication fork? |
| Answer» Solution :At the POINT of ORIGIN of replication, the HELICASES and topoisomerases (DNA gyrase) unwind and pull APART the STRANDS, forming a Y-Shaped structure called the replication fork. There are two replication forks at each origin. | |
| 2492. |
Question : What is a checker board or Punnett square? |
| Answer» Solution :A short of CROSS-multiplication MATRIX used in the prediction of the outcome of a GENETIC cross,in which male and female gametes and their frequencies are arranged along the EDGES. | |
| 2493. |
Question : What is a recombinant DNA vaccine ? Give two examples. |
| Answer» Solution :A recombinant vaccine is a vaccine produced through recombinant DNA technology. This involves inserting the DNA encoding an antigen that stimulates an immune response into BACTERIAL or mammalian cells. Recombinant DNA technology has allowed the production of antigenic polypeptides of pathogen in bacteria or yeast. Vaccines produced using this approach allow large scale production and hence greater availability for immunisation, e.g., hepatitis B vaccine (Recombivax HB) produced from yeast. As of JUNE 2015, one human DNA vaccine had been approved for human use, the single-dose Japanese ENCEPHALITIS vaccine called IMOJEV, released in 2010 in Australia. | |
| 2494. |
Question : What is a protoplast? Which chemical stain is used to test its viability? |
| Answer» Solution :PROTOPLASTS are the cells without a cell wall, BOUNDED by cell membrane. FLUORESCEIN diacetate (FDA) is USED to test the viability of protoplast. | |
| 2495. |
Question : What is a progenote ? |
| Answer» Solution :TERM USED by CARL Woese for the first cells which presumably gave rise to three equally ANCIENT CELL lines : archaebacteria, eubacteria and eukaryotes | |
| 2496. |
Question : What is a primer? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :A primer is a short stretch of RNA. It initiates the formation of NEW STRAND. The primer PRODUCES 3.-OH end on the sequence of ribonucleotides, to which deoxyribonucleotides are added to FORM a new strand. | |
| 2497. |
Question : What is a polyploid? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :An organism having more than two SETS of CHROMOSOMES is called POLYPLOID. | |
| 2498. |
Question : Write the features required to facilitate cloning into a vector? |
|
Answer» Solution :Plasmids are SMALL, DOUBLE stranded, autonomously replicating, extra chromosomal circular DNA present in bacteria. Features required for facilitating cloning in vector (i) ORIGIN of replication (Ori) (ii) Selectable markers (III) Cloning sites (iv) Vectors for cloning the GENES in plants and animals. (Any three features) |
|
| 2499. |
Question : What is a plasmid? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The small circular double STRANDED DNA molecule FOUND in the cytoplasm of bacterial cell and separated from chromosomal DNA is called a plasmid .It acts as a vector in GENETIC engineering. | |
| 2500. |
Question : What is a pioneer species? Name the pioneer species of xerarch succession |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The SPECIES that invadea BARE area are CALLED pioneer species. | |