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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 2651. |
Question : What are Ecosan toilets? |
| Answer» Solution :About 150 liters of wastewater at an average is generated by an Indian individual daily, and a large amount of it is generated from toilets. Ecological sanitation (EcoSan) is a sustainable system for handling human excreta by using dry composting toilets. EcoSan toilets not only reduce wastewater generation but also generate the natural fertiliser from recycled human excreta, which forms an excellent substitute for CHEMICAL fertilisers. This method is based on the principle of recovery and RECYCLING of nutrients from excreta to CREATE a valuable supply for agriculture. .EcoSan. toilets are being USED in SEVERAL parts of India and Sri Lanka. | |
| 2652. |
Question : What do you mean by charging of tRNA? Name the enzyme involved in this process. |
| Answer» Solution :The process. of addition of amino ACID to TRNA is known as AMINOACYLATION or and the resultant charging and the resultant product is called AMINOACYL- tRNA (charged tRNA). Aminoacylation is catalyzed by an enzyme aminoacyl - tRNA synthetase. | |
| 2653. |
Question : Which of the following represents the “central dogma” in molecular biology? |
| Answer» Solution :The unidirectional flow of genetic information from nucleic acid to PROTEIN (DNA to RNA and from RNA to protein) is called CENTRAL dogma ofmolecular BIOLOGY. | |
| 2654. |
Question : What do you mean by Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) ? |
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Answer» Solution :The microbes that decompose organic wastes in water bodies CONSUME a lot of oxygen. This results into sharp DECLINE in dissolved oxygen downstream from the point of sewage DISCHARGE.  This causes MORTALLY of FISH and other aquatic creatures. BOD refer to the amount of oxygen that would be consumed if all the organic matter in one litre of water were oxidized by bacteria. The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by micro-organisms in a sample of water. Indirectly BOD is a measure of the organic matter present in the water. The greater the BOD of waste water, more is its polluting potential. |
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| 2655. |
Question : What do you mean by biodiversity? What are the different types of Biodiversity? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :According to SOCIO biologist Edward Wilson, the combined DIVERSITY at all the levels of biological organisation is described as biodiversity. Types of biodiversity include- a) GENETIC diversity - A SINGLE species might show high diversity at the genetic level over its distributional range. b) Species diversity - refers to the diversity at the species level. c) Ecological diversity- Diversity at the ecosystem level. |
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| 2656. |
Question : What do you mean by "adaptive radiation"? Give example. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The EVOLUTIONARY process which produces new species diverged from a SINGLE ancestral form omes adapted to newly invaded habitats is called adaptive radiation. Adaptive radiations are best exemplified in CLOSELY related groups that have evolved in relatively short time. Darwin.s FINCHES and Australian marsupials are best examples for adaptive radiation. | |
| 2657. |
Question : What do you mean by Biochar? How it helps the environment? |
| Answer» Solution :Biohar is a LONG term to store carbon. To increase plants ability to store more carbon, plants are partly burnt such as crop waste, waste woodsto become carbon rich SLOW decomposing substances of material called Biochar. It is akind of charcoal used as a soil amendment. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon and can endure in soil for thousands oryears. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. (Heating biomae in low oxygen environment) which arrests wood from complete burning. Biochar thus has the POTENTIAL to help mitigate climate change via carbon sequestration. Independently, biochar when added to soil can increase soil fertility of acidic soils, increase AGRICULTURAL productivity and provide protection against some foliar and soil borne diseases. It is a GOOD method of preventing waste woods and logs getting decayed instead we can convert them into biochar thus converting them to carbon storage material | |
| 2658. |
Question : What is coding strand? |
| Answer» Solution :DNA dependent RNA polymerase catalyses the polymerization in only one direction, the strand that has the polarity `3. RARR 5.` acts as a template, and is called the template strand: The other strand which has the polarity `5. rarr 5.` has a SEQUENCE same as RNA (except thymine instead of URACIL) and is displaced during transcription. This strand is called coding strand. | |
| 2659. |
Question : What do you know about the word pBR332? |
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Answer» <P> Solution :pBR 322 plasmid and most widely used as cloning vector , it CONTAINS 4361 base pairs. In pBR , p denotes plasmid , B and R respectively the names of scientist the names of scientist Boilver and Rodriguez who DEVELOPED this plasmid . The number 322 is the number of plasmid developed from their laboratory. It contains `"amp"^R and "tet"^R` two different ANTIBIOTIC resistance genes and recognition sites for several redistricting enzymes. (Hind III, EcoRI, BamH I , Sal I, Pvu II , Pst I and Cla I) , ori and antibiotic resistance genes. Rop codes for the proteins involved in the replication of the plasmid.
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| 2660. |
Question : What do you know about meteorites? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Fragments of rocks FALLING from outer SPACE onto the EARTH | |
| 2661. |
Question :What do you mean by Germplasm conservation? Describe it. |
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Answer» Solution :Germplasm Conservation : (i) Germplasm conservation refers to the conservation of living genetic resources like pollen, seeds or tissue of plant material maintained for the purpose of selective plant breeding, preservation in LIVE condition and used for many RESEARCH works. (ii) Germplasm conservation resources is a part of collection of seeds and pollen that are stored in SEED or pollen banks, so as to maintain their viability and fertility for any later use such as hybridization and crop improvement. (iii) Germplasm conservation may also involve a gene bank, DNA bank of ELITE breeding lines of plant resources for the maintenance of biological diversity and also for FOOD security. |
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| 2662. |
Question : What do you know about bee pollen ? |
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Answer» Solution :`**` BEE pollen is a natural substance with high proteins, carbohydrate nad trace amount of VITAMINS and minerals. `**` It is used as dietary supplement as tables. `**` It INCREASES performance of a ATHLETES, race horses and also heals burn wounds. |
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| 2663. |
Question : What do the pictures A and B illustrate with reference to evolution? Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :(A) DARK and grey-coloured varieties of PEPPERED Moth on the BARK of a tree in unpolluted area. (B) Dark and grey-coloured varieties of Peppered Moth on the bark of a tree in polluted area. The figures explain the phenomenon of INDUSTRIAL melanism or occurrence of more melanic forms of Moth in response to soot and POLLUTION from industries. Prior to industrial revolution, England had abundant lichen flora on the bark of trees. The light grey form of Peppered Moth occurred their as it could hide itself among lichens. The dark-coloured moth was scarse as it could be easily spotted by insectivorous birds. However, due to industrial revolution, pollution resulted in disappearance of lichens. Soot from industries caused darkening of tree trunks. The dark-coloured form of Peppered Moth (Biston betularia carbonaria) could survive as they were not easily discernible. The grey form of Peppered Moth (Biston betularia typica) was easily picked up by the birds. Their population, therefore, declined. |
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| 2664. |
Question : What do phytophagous insects feed on? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :PLANT SAP and other PARTS of the plant | |
| 2665. |
Question : What do A, B ,C and D represent ? |
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Answer» `{:("ABCD"),("InfundibulumFertilisationMyometriumMorula"):}` |
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| 2666. |
Question : What do cellular oncogenes code for in normal cells? |
| Answer» Solution :These CAUSE ALTERATION in the GENE material which leads to oncogenic transformation of the CELLS. | |
| 2667. |
Question : What disease is caused due to hypersecretion of thyroxine ? |
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| 2668. |
Question : What did Meselson and Stahl observe when They cultured E. coli in a medium containing ""^15Nh_4CL for a few generations and centrifuged the content?they transferred one such bacterium to the normal medium of NH_4Cl and cultured for 2 genretion ? What did Meselson and Stahl conclude from this experiment? Explain With the help of diagram Which is the first geretic material? Give reasons in support of your answer. |
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Answer» Solution :Meselson and Stahl obsered that in the E. coli bacterium the DNA becomes completely labelled with `N^15` medium by CENTRIFUGATION forfew genretion ·After two genretion density changed and showedequal amount of light DNA(`N^14`) and dark HYBRID DNA `(N^14-N^15)`. They concluded that DNA REPLICATES semi-conservately.[For Figure See Q. 30. Set-I. Outside Delhi, 2008]. .RNA is the first genetic material. RNA is highly reactive, and acts as a catalyst as well as genetic material. ESSENTIAL life processes such as metabolism, translation and splicing evolved around RNA. |
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| 2669. |
Question : What criteria should one use in categorizing a species as threatened ? |
| Answer» Solution :Species can be categorized as THREATENED under following conditions : (i) EXTINCTION risk : Number of the INDIVIDUALS of the species are declining at an alarming pace. (ii) Predation pressure (iii) Habitat LOSS and fragmentation (iv) Introduction of ALIEN species. | |
| 2670. |
Question : What could have triggered mass extinctions of species in the past ? |
| Answer» Solution :Following are the various factors which have LEAD to the mass EXTINCTIONS of species in the past (i) Volcanic eruption (ii) EARTHQUAKE (iii) Extremes temperatures (IV) Glaciations (v) Continental drift | |
| 2671. |
Question : What could be the reason for the faster rate of decomposition in the tropics? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Very high temperature and moisture is seen in the organic components and minerals for TROPHIC levels. The rate of decomposition depends on climate related reasons. Thus maximum temperature and moisture make the PROCESS of decomposition faster. While dead parts are ALSO obtained in large amount that shows decomposition at faster rate. |
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| 2672. |
Question : What contraception ? Briefly explain two barrier methods and two surgical methods, to prevent conception. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :PREVENTION of conception or pregnancy is called contraception. Barrier methods:- a. Condoms are Barriers made of thin rubber/ Latex SHEATH used to cover the PENIS in male or vagina and cervix in females. It prevents the deposition of ejaculated semen into the vagina of the female. b. Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are the barriers made of rubber that are inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix during coitus. they prevent the entry of sperms through cervix. Surgical methods. a. In males, a small PART of the vas deferens is removed and tied up through a small incision on the scrotun. This is called vasectomy. b. In females, a small part of the fallopian tube is removed and tied up through a small incision in the abdomen or vagina. This is called tubectomy. |
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| 2673. |
Question : What could be the possible explanation for greater vulnerability of amphibians to extinction as compared to other animal groups ? |
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Answer» Solution :AMPHIBIANS LIVE in terrestrial HABITAT but for sexual reproduction they depend on AQUATIC habitat. Habitat loss affects the amphibians more greatly than other animal groups because it REQUIRES both the habitat for its survival. |
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| 2674. |
Question : What constitutes the immune system and what role does it play in the Human body? |
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Answer» Solution :The human immune system consists of lymphoid organs, tissues, CELLS and soluble MOLECULES like antibodies. Immune system is unique in the sense that it recognizes foreign antigens, RESPONDS to these and remembers them. The immune system also plays an important role in allergic reactions, auto immune DISEASES and organ TRANSPLANTATION. |
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| 2675. |
Question : What connects muscles to bones ? |
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Answer» Ligament |
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| 2676. |
Question : What condition will develop if biodiversity is lost ? |
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Answer» Solution :Effect of loss of BIODIVERSITY : Loss of biodiversity may lead to : (i) Decline in plant PRODUCTION (ii) Lower RESISTANCE to environmental perturbations such as drought. (iii) Increased variability in ECOSYSTEM process such as plant productivity, water use, pest and disease cycles, etc. |
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| 2677. |
Question : What chemical is secreted by sympathetic nerves ? |
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| 2678. |
Question : What colouration do roans possess? Why? |
| Answer» Solution :ROANS possess the MIXTURE of red and white COLOUR SIDE by side DUE to codominant alleles for red and white traits. | |
| 2679. |
Question : What chemical is secreted by parasympathetic nerves ? |
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| 2680. |
Question : What characteristics make a community stable ? |
| Answer» Solution :Characteristics that MAKE a community stable are : (i) A stable community should not SHOW too much variation in productivity from year to year. (ii) It must be either resistant or resilient to OCCASIONAL disturbances (natural or man-made) (iii) It must ALSO be resistant to invasions by alien species. | |
| 2681. |
Question : What changes is induced by entry of sperm into ovum? |
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Answer» OVARIAN LAYER separates from plasma |
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| 2682. |
Question : What causes the inactive form of Bt toxin i.e., protoxin to get converted into its active form in the body of an insect ? |
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Answer» TEMPERATURE of thegut |
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| 2684. |
Question : What causes RQ to vary? |
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Answer» RESPIRATORY product |
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| 2685. |
Question : what causes myxoedema of Gull's disease in adult and cretinism in children ? |
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Answer» |
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| 2686. |
Question : What causes Malaria? |
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Answer» Solution :Plasmodium a TINY protozoan is responsible for this disease DIFFERENT SPECIES of plasmodium LIKE Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malaria and Plasmodium falciparum are responsible for different TYPES of malaria. Malignant malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is the most serious one and can even be fatal. |
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| 2687. |
Question : What causes diabetes insipidus? Mention two important symptoms of the same. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :LESSER secretion of antidiuretic hormone or ADH causes diabetes insipidus in which there is excretion of very dilute URINE and CONTINUOUS FEELING of thirst. | |
| 2688. |
Question : What causes addiction towards drugs and alcohol? |
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Answer» Solution :It is used repeatedly, Because of the perceived BENEFITS. The most IMPORTANT thing, which one fails to realize, is the inherent addictive nature of alcohol and drugs. Addiction is psychological attachment to CERTAIN effects such as euphoria and temporary feeling of well-being associated with drugs and alcohol. These DRIVE people to take drugs even when these are not needed, or even when their use becomes self-destructive. With repeated use of drugs, the tolerance level of the receptors PRESENT in our body increases. Consequently the receptors respond only to higher doses of drugs or alcohol leading to greater intake and addiction. However, it should be clearly bome in mind that use of these drugs even once, can be fore-runner to addiction. Thus addictive potential of drugs and alcohol, pull the user into vicious circle leading to their regular use (abuse) from which he/she may not be able to get out. In absence of any guidance or counseling, the person gets addicted and becomes dependent on their use. |
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| 2689. |
Question : What causes Ascariasis, mention its causative, symptoms and mode of transmisson ? |
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Answer» Solution :Ascaris lumbricoides (round worm and WUCHERERIA(filarial worm) are some of the helminths which are pathogenic to man. Ascaris is an intestinal parasite which causes Ascariasis. SYMPTOMS of the above disease include internal BLEEDING, muscular pain, fever, anemia and blockage of the intestinal passage. The eggs of the parasite are excreted along with faeces of infected PERSONS which contaminate soil, water and plants, etc. A healthy person acquires this INFECTION through contaminated water, vegetables, fruits, etc. |
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| 2690. |
Question : What cause shivering in malarial patient? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :After infection of RBC withsporozoite,When the RBC RUPTURES a toxic substance HAEMOZOIN is released which causes shivering chills and high FEVER followed by SWEATING | |
| 2691. |
Question : Whatcauses a green plant exposedto thelight , on only one side, to bendtowards the sourceof light asit grows ? |
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Answer» Light stimlates PLANT cells on thelighted side to growfaster |
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| 2692. |
Question :What care is to be taken choosing a contraceptive method ? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :It needs to be emphasised that the selection of a suitable contraceptive method its use should always be undertaken in the consultation with qualified medical professional. Contraceptives are not regular requirements for the maintenance of reproductive health. They are practiced against a natural reproductive event. One is forced to use these methods either to prevent pregnancy or to delay or SPACE pregnancy due to personal REASONS. The possible ill effects are like nausea, abdominal pain, BREAK through BLEEDING, irregular menstrual bleeding or even breast cancer. |
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| 2693. |
Question : What can you infer about the structures shown in figure? |
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Answer» They are homologous structures. |
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| 2694. |
Question : What can be told about the bio-mass in plant tissue culture ? |
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Answer» BIOMASS DECREASES |
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| 2695. |
Question : What can be the blood group of offspring when both parents have AB blood group? |
| Answer» Answer :B | |
| 2696. |
Question : What can be developed in plants by tissue culture ? |
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Answer» TOTIPOTENCY |
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| 2697. |
Question : What bad effects does tobacco have on respiratory system? Name two toxic substances present in it. |
| Answer» Solution :Tobacco smoke CAUSES INFLAMMATION of bronchi and ALVEOLI, TOXIC chemicals Nicotene, BENZOPYRENE | |
| 2698. |
Question : What becomes established from the wobble hypothesis? |
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Answer» PROCESS of PEPTIDE chain elongation |
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| 2699. |
Question : What background information did Watson and Crick have made available for developing a model of DNA ? What was their contribution ? |
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Answer» Solution :Watson and Crick had the FOLLOWING information which helped them to develop a model of DNA. (i) Chargaffs Law suggesting A = T, and C = G. (ii) Wilkins and Rosalind FRANKLINS work on DNA crystals X-ray diffraction studies about DNAS physical structure. (iii) Watson and crick proposed (a) How complementary based may pair (b) Semi conservative REPLICATION and (c) Mutation through tautomerism. |
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| 2700. |
Question : What attributes make Arabidopsis a suitable model plant for molecular genetic research? |
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Answer» Solution :Arabidopsis thaliana - Thale cress, Mouse EAR cress (i) It is a model plant for the study of genetic and molecular aspects of plant development. (ii) It belongs to mustard family and it is the first flowering plant, where its entire GENOME is sequenced. (iii) The two regions of the nucleolar organiser ribosomal DNA which codes for the ribosomal RNA are present at the extremity of chromosomes 2 and 4. (iv) It is diploid plant having small genome with 2n = 10 chromosomes. Several generations can be produced in one year. So it facilitates RAPID genetic analysis. The genome has low repetitive DNA, over 60% of the nuclear DNA have protein coding functions. (v) The plant is small, self fertilizes, annual long-day plant with short-LIFE cycle. Large numbers of seeds are produced and they are easy to be grown in laboratory. It is easy to induce mutations. It has many genomic resources and the transformation can be done easily. (vi) In 1982, Arabidopsis has successfully completed its life cycle in microgravity i.e. space. This shows that Human Space MISSIONS with plant companions may be possible. |
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