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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 2701. |
Question : What aspect of organic evolution is represented by the variation in the breeds of domestic pigeon? Give a similar example from the plants. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :ARTIFICIAL SELECTION, MAIZE and WHEAT | |
| 2702. |
Question : What are we referring to ? When we say 'simple orgamsms or comp ex orgamsms. |
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Answer» Solution :When we say simple or complex organisms we are talking in terms of EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY of an Organism. A .simple organism. is considered to be PRIMITIVE and has simple THALLUS organisation, The level ofcomplexity of metabolism is also low. On the other hand a .complex organism. refers to a more evolved form forming higher levels of STRUCTURAL and functional complexities. They are believed to have arisen from simple organisms. |
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| 2703. |
Question : What are we referring to when we say 'simple organisms' or 'complex organisms'? |
| Answer» Solution :The terms .simple ORGANISMS. and .complex organisms. are used to DEMONSTRATE their position in the EVOLUTIONARY history. Simple organisms have primitive structural and physiological ORGANISATION. The level of complexity of metabolism is also low. They are on the lower steps in the LADDER of evolution. Complex organisms have higher level of structural and functional complexity and are at the higher level of evolutionary ladder. | |
| 2704. |
Question : What are VNTR’s? Mention the steps to detect VNTR’s in identifying criminals in forensic investigations. |
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Answer» Solution :The DNA fragments that shows very high degree of polymorphism is called VNTR.s. STEPS. (1) Isolation of DNA (ii) Digestion of DNA by RESTRICTION endonucleases (III) Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis (iv) TRANSFERRING of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membrane, such as nitrocellulose or nylon. (v) Hybridisation using labelled VNTR PROBE (vi) Detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography. |
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| 2705. |
Question : What are vulnerable species ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :It REFERS to the species which are LIKELY to become endangered if enviromental degrdation continues to PRESIST. | |
| 2706. |
Question : What are warm blooded animals? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Organism that maintains CONSTANT body temperature WITHOUT being affected by FLUCTUATIONS in the SURROUNDING temperature in the environment. | |
| 2707. |
Question :What are viruses parasitising bacteria called ? Draw a well labelled diagram of the same. |
| Answer» Solution :VIRUSES parasitising bacteria are called BACTERIOPHAGES. They do not ACTUALLY eat bacteria, they INFECT and REPLICATE within bacteria. | |
| 2708. |
Question : What are vestigial organs? Give example. |
| Answer» Solution :Structures that are of no USE to the possessor, and are not necessary for their existence are called vestigial organs. Vestigial organs may be considered as REMNANTS of structures which were well DEVELOPED and functional in the ancestors, but DISAPPEARED in course of evolution due to their non-utilization. E.g: Human APPENDIX. | |
| 2709. |
Question : What are vegetative propagules? Name any four of them along with an example for each. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :The vegetative structures of plants which are capable of giving rise to new individual plants are CALLED vegetative propagules. e.g. Eyes on tuber - potato Adventitious LEAF buds - Bryophyllum Bulbil - AGAVE RHIZOME - Ginger |
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| 2710. |
Question : What are vegetative propagates ? Give two examples. |
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Answer» Solution :The vegetative structures of plants INVOLVED in vegetative PROPAGATION are called vegetative PROPAGULES, EXAMPLES : Tuber of potato, offset of water HYACINTH etc. |
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| 2711. |
Question : What are variations? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The DIFFERENCES existing between the parents and their OFFSPRING are called VARIATIONS. | |
| 2712. |
Question : What are variable number of tandem repeats or VNTRs? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :These are SHORT nucleotide repeats in DNA that VARY in number from person to person, but are inherited. | |
| 2713. |
Question : What are UTR's? |
| Answer» Solution :MRNA also have some additional sequences that are not TRANSLATED and are Untranslated REGIONS referred to as (UTR). UTRs are present at both 5. end (before start codon) and at 3. end (after stop codon). | |
| 2714. |
Question : What are types of sex-linkage? |
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Answer» Solution : Types of sex-linkage (i)Diagynic. The sex linked genes are present on the non-homologous part of X-CHROMOSOME and are passed on from FATHER to grandson through daughters of F generation. (ii) Diandric. The MOTHER transfers traits to her grand daughter through her son (III) Hologynic. Character is passed directly from mother to daughter (IV) Holandric. Genes which are in the non-homologous part of Y chromosome are passed on directly from father to son |
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| 2715. |
Question : What are two types of fisheries? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :CAPTURE FISHERIES CULTURE fisheries | |
| 2716. |
Question : What are two types ·of conjoint vascular bundles? |
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| 2718. |
Question : What are two broad categories of vitamins? |
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| 2719. |
Question : What are trichophyllous plants? Give example. |
| Answer» Solution :n xerophytic PLANTS, with the leaves and STEM are covered with hairs are called trichophyllous plants. EXAMPLE: Cucurbits (Melothria and Mukia) | |
| 2720. |
Question : What are trichomes ? |
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| 2721. |
Question : What are transgenic plants ? Explain with any two examples. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(1) The genetically engineered crop plants carrying desirable TRAITS are called transgenic plants. (2) Transgenic plants are disease RESISTANT, insect resistant and herbicide resistant. (3 ) Plants with greater photosynthetic activity, nitrogen fixing ABILITY, improved storage proteins and higher vitamin contents are transgenic plants. (4) Examples of transgenic plants: (i) Bt cotton (ii) Flavr savr tomato and (iii) Golden rice. (i) Bt Cotton : Bt cotton is a transgenic plant. Bt toxin gene has been cloned and introduced in many plants to provide resistance to insects without the need of insecticides. (ii) Flavr savr tomato : It is developed by introducing an additional copy of polygalactouronase. This type of tomato has a longer shelf life. (iii) Golden rice : It is a genetically engineered rice with higher beta carotene (provitamin A) content. |
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| 2722. |
Question : What are transgenic bacteria ? Illustrate using any one example. |
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Answer» Solution :When any foreign gene is transferred into GENOM of bacteria successfully then they are called transgenic bacteria. For an example when two DNA sequences of human insulin NAMED sequence-A and sequence B are INTRODUCED in plasmid of E. coli then these transgenic bacteria produce sequences of insulin. |
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| 2723. |
Question : What are transgenic bacteria? Thustrate using any one example. |
| Answer» Solution :Transgenic bacteria are one that carries a transgence or a foreign gene of interest introduced using RECOMBINANT DNA technology. e.g bacteria carrying the GENES for human insulin. In 1983 , Eli lilly an American company prepared two DNA introduced corresponding to A and B , chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of E. COLI to PRODUCE insulin chains. Chains A and B were produced separately,extracted and combined by creating disulfide BONDS to from Human insulin. | |
| 2724. |
Question :What are transgenic bacteria? Illustrate using any one example. |
| Answer» Solution : BACTERIA with recombinant DNA, i.e., with some FOREIGN DNA SEGMENT are called transgenic bacteria. These are developed to produce proteins, enzymes, drugs, etc. For example, bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produces endotoxin that kills larvae of CERTAIN insects. | |
| 2725. |
Question : What are transgenic bacteria? Illustrate using any one example. |
| Answer» Solution :Transgenic bacteria contain foreign gene that is intentionally introduced into its GENOME. They are manipulated to express the DESIRABLE gene for the PRODUCTION of various commercially IMPORTANT products, e.g., E. COLI, bacillus thuringiensis. | |
| 2726. |
Question : What are transgenic animals? What are the needs to produce them? |
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Answer» Solution :Transgenic animals are those animals whose DNA is MANIPULATED to possess and express the foreign gene. The transgenic animals are PRODUCED ude to the FOLLOWING reasons - (i) Normal PHYSIOLOGY and development of the body (II) Strudy of diseases (iii) Chemical safety testing (iv) Biological products (v) Vaccine safety testing |
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| 2727. |
Question : What are transgenic animals? Give example. |
| Answer» Solution :Transgenesis is the process of introductionof EXTRA (FOREIGN/exogenous) DNA into the genome of the animals to create and maintain stable heritable characters. The foreign DNA that is introduced is called the TRANSGENE and the animals that are PRODUCED by DNA manipulations are called transgenic animals or the genetically engineeredor genetically modified organisms. EG. Mice, Cow | |
| 2728. |
Question : What are transgenic animals? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :ANIMALS that have had their DNA MANIPULATED to possess and express an extra (FOREIGN) gene are known as transgenic animals, | |
| 2729. |
Question : What are transgemc plants? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Transgenic plants are those plants in which a foreign GENE has been introduced and integrated into their DNA. Tt RESULTS in the synthesis of appropriate gene product by the TRANSFORMING plant. | |
| 2730. |
Question : What are three options to increase food production ? Discuss each giving the salient features, merits and demerits. |
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Answer» Solution :With ever increasing population of the world, enhancement of food production is a major necessity. Biological principles as applied to animal husbandry and plant breeding. Following are the three options to increase food production : (a) Single cell proteins (SCP) : The biomass obtained from microorganisms can be treated or processed in industry to be used as food.e.g spirulina Merits of SCP : (i) As it uses organic and industrial waste. It reduces pollution. (ii) It is a good source of protein in the diet and hence fulfils the DEMAND of protein for human beings. Demerits of SCP : (i) Sometimes it may produce ALLERGIC reactions. (ii) Many microbes produces toxic substances. (b) Biofortification : It is the method for developing crops with higher LEVELS of vitamins, minerals, healthier fats and proteins to improve public health.e.g golden rice. Merits of biofortification : (i) It can increase yields grown on the same or less acreage. (ii) It improves nutritional value. Demerits of Biofortification : (i) Its successful implementation into society requires safe delivery system, stable policies and appropriate social INFRASTRUCTURES. (ii) Financial support is required for continuing this method. (c) Tissue culture : It is an invitro technique for regeneration of entire plant from any part of the plant by culturing it on culture medium under aseptic conditions. It is also called as micropropagation. Merits of tissue culture : (i) Many plants which are genetically identical can be grown in a SHORT period of time. (ii) Through meristem culture, virus free plant can be produced. (iii) Seedless plants can be produced. (iv) The plants which fail to reproduce sexually can be grown through somatic hybridisation. Demerits of tissue culture : (i) It is an expensive technique. (ii) Require special expertise. (iii) It requires hardening of plant grown by tissue culture to the external environment. |
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| 2731. |
Question : What are three types of plants on the basis of their lifespan ? |
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| 2732. |
Question : What are three special types of inflorescence ? |
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| 2733. |
Question : What are they enzymes encoded by the alleles |
| Answer» Solution :`I^(A)` I allela PRODUCES. N-accetyl galactose transferase and can add N-acetyl galactosamine (NAG) and `I^(B)`allela ENCODES for the enzyme galactose transferase that adds galactose to the precursor (i.e. H substances). In the case of `I^(O)//I^(O)` allele no terminal transferase enzyme is produced and therefore called "HULL" allele and hence cannot add NAG or galactose to the precursor. | |
| 2734. |
Question : What are threatened species ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :It REFERS the SPECIES WHICHARE eitherendangered or VULNERABLE . | |
| 2735. |
Question : Exaplain the types of entry of pollen tube into the ovule. |
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Answer» Solution :ENTRY of POLLEN TUBE into the ovule . There are three types of pollen tube entry into the ovule. Porogamy : when the pollen tube enters through the MICROPYLE. Chalazogamy : when the pollen tune enters through the CHALAZA. Mesogamy : when the pollen tube enters through the integument. 
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| 2736. |
Question : What are the various steps of humification and mineralisation that occurs during the process of decomposition? |
| Answer» Solution :HUMIFICATION - ACCUMULATION of dark COLOURED amorphous substance called humus which is resistant to micorbial action and undergoes decomposition at a very slow RATE. MINERALISATION - humus is further degraded by microbes releasing inorganic nutrients | |
| 2737. |
Question : What are the various routes by which transmission of human immunodeficiency virus takes place? |
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Answer» Solution :Sexual contact with INFECTED person. Sharing of infected needles especially in case of intravenous drug abuses. By transfusion of CONTAMINATED blood and blood products. From infected mother to her child through PLACENTA. Its spreads only through body FLUIDS. |
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| 2738. |
Question : What are the various public health measures which you would suggest as safeguard against infectious diseases. |
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Answer» Solution :Periodic cleaning and disinfection of WATER reservoirs VACCINATION ERADICATION of vectors PROVIDING clean DRINKING water |
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| 2739. |
Question : What are the various public health measures, which you would suggest as safeguard against infectious diseases? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Various safeguards that can PREVENT infectious diseases can be: (a) Proper sanitation at parks, cinema halls, schools, OFFICES, hospitals and other public places. (b)Regular cleaning of drainage system and WATER reservoirs. (c) FOGGING at regular intervals. (d) Vaccination programmes. |
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| 2740. |
Question : What are the various public health measures, which you would suggest as safeguard against infectious diseases ? |
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Answer» Solution :Maintenance of personal and public hygiene is extremely important for prevention and control .Some of the preventive measures that can be taken care are as follow. For personal hygiene keeping the body clean, consumption of clean drinking water, food, vegetables, fruits, etc. For public hygiene proper DISPOSAL of waste and excreta, periodic cleaning and disinfection of water reservoirs, pools, cesspools and tanks and observing standard practices of hygiene in public catering. For vector borne disease such as malaria eradication of vectors and destroying their breeding SITES. Eg. using mosquito nets and repellents, avoiding stagnation of water, regular cleaning of cooler, etc. introduction of fishes like Gambusia in ponds which FEED on mosquito larvae, spraying of insecticides in ditches, drainage areas and swamps, etc. For airborne DISEASES, avoid contact with infected persons or their belongings. Vaccination and immunization these PROGRAMMES for diseases should be strictly followed. |
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| 2741. |
Question : What are the various products obtained by bee keeping? |
| Answer» Solution :Honey, BEE wax, pollen, bee VENOM, ROYAL jelly, etc. are the products OBTAINED by bee KEEPING. | |
| 2742. |
Question : What are the various constituents of domestic sewage ? Discuss the effects of sewage discharge on a river. |
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Answer» Solution :Domestic sewage contains four kind of IMPURITIES : (i) SUSPENDED solids : They are soil particles such as sand and silt. (ii) Colloidal particles : They are inorganic and organic materials such as faecal matter, bacteria, paper and CLOTH. (iii) Dissolved solids : They are nitrates, phosphates, ammonia, sodium, calcium and other NUTRIENTS. (iv) Pathogens: Domestic sewage has pathogens of various diseases such as typhoid, cholera, dysentery, diarrhoea, ETC. Effect of sewage discharge on river are : (a) Eutrophication. (b) Growth of pathogenic bacteria. (c) Ageing of river where silt and decaying matters start accumulating and filling river. (d) Increase in BOD. (e) Destruction of flora and fauna of that river. |
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| 2743. |
Question : What are the various defence mechanisms developed by the prey against predation. |
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Answer» Solution :CAMOUFLAGED 1. Some SPECIES and frogs are cryptically COLOURED to avoid being detected easily by the PREDATOR. 2. Some produce poisonous chemical. E.g. Monarh butterfly is highly distasteful to its predator bird. Butterfly acquires this poisonous chemical during its caterpillar STAGE by feeding on a posonous weed. |
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| 2744. |
Question : Whatare thevariousconstituents of domesticsewage ? Discuss the effects sewagedischargeon a river . |
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Answer» Solution :Domesticsewageincludes biodegradable pollutantssuch as ANIMALSAND human excreta , dissolvedorganic compounds , nitrateand phosphates , sodium , potassium, c alcium and chlorideions . Usually these pollutants undergo rapid decomposition ,but sometimetheyaccumulatein largerquantities in the fieldand cause problems . The sewagemay alsopercolatethrough the soiland reachthe WATER tableand contaminate the drinkingwater. Besides, the sewagekills the living fishand other aquaticanimals and reduces the oxygencontentof the water and causes excessive GROWTHOF microorganisms(algal bloom) adaquatic VEGETATION . This process is know as eutrophication . Undersuch conditions , oxygen content is very low andthe riverwaterbecomes foul smellingdue to putrifactionand the river becomes degraded. Due tohigh growth of micro-organisms, thebiological oxygen demand (BOD) of thewater increases. BOD is a testof the amountof oxygenneeded for bacteriato breakdown theorganicmatterin a water sample a period of FICE days. |
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| 2745. |
Question : Whatare the variousconstituents of domesticsewage? Discuss the effects of sewagedischarge on a river . |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Sewagecontainshumanand animal excreta , foodresiduces, detergentsand otherorganic wastes . It isalwaysrich in BACTERIA and other biological pollutants . DISCHARGE of sewageinto a riverraises the BOD , leadingto the killingsof fishes and otheraquaticlife .Waterpolluted with sewage alosbecomes a potent souceof many WATER BORNEDISEASE . | |
| 2746. |
Question : What are the uterine events that follow beyond 29th day if the ovum is not fertilised. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :After 29th day there is a mentrual flow INVOLVING discharge of blood and CAST off endometrium lining. | |
| 2747. |
Question : What are the uses of vaccine ? |
| Answer» Solution :The immunity ACQUIRED artificially is by VACCINATION. Vaccines contain dead or live but attenuated PATHOGENS or toxoids consisting of MICROBIAL components or toxins secreted by the pathogens. Vaccine is introduced into the body to STIMULATE the formation of antibodies by the immune system. e.g., polio vaccine, BCG vaccine, etc. | |
| 2748. |
Question : What are the uses of vaccine? |
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Answer» Solution :USES of VACCINE. 1. Vaccine is injected to stimulate the production of antibodies. 2. It helps to build the immunity against a PARTICULAR disease. It helps to control the epidemics by protecting people or animals against diseases. 4. Vaccines give artificial acquired immunity. |
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| 2749. |
Question : What are the uses of lac? |
| Answer» Solution :Lac is used to make BANGLES, TOYS, WOODWORK, POLISH inks and for SILVERING mirrors, etc. | |
| 2750. |
Question : What are the uses of biodiversity? |
| Answer» Solution :Mankindderives various benefits from the biological diversity existing around him. They are-(a) Economic benefit: These are direct in obtaining food,fibre,firewood,timbre wood (for construction),GUMS,resinns,tannins,rubber,pharmaceuticals ETC. (b) Drugs and Medicines: A number of drugs are based on plant products. Rosy periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus : Vincarosea) yields alkaloids (vincristine and vinblastine) which are useful for treatment of leukaemia. Morphine(papaver somniferum for pains), quinine (from bark of Cinchona ledgeriana for malaria), taxel (from bark of Yew, Taxus brevifolia and Taxus haccata for treating cancers) etc. (c) Aesthetic value: Biodiversity has a lot of aesthetic and attraction value, ECOTOURISM, birds watching,wildlife,pet keeping and gardening are all rawards of aesthetic value of biodiversity.(d)Cultural benefit: Historically people have linked themselves with certain specific plants and animals . Majority of indian homes have specimens of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) GROWING in pots. Trees of Ficus religiosa (Peepal) and Prosopis cinerania (khejri) are held sacred.They are planted and worshispped. Many birds and snakes are considered sacred and are worshipped. (e)Ecological benefits or Ecosystem services:Forests and oceanic systems control climate andmaintain the gaseous composition of the atmosphere. Oxygen is replenished through photosysthesis and carbon dioxide levels are lowered. STORAGE and retention of rain waters of aquifers and resrevoirs and maintenance and purification of water regimes in soil and atmosphere is due to forests and vegetation. It helps in control of floods and soil erosion. The ecosystem services are valued at 16 - 54 trillion dollars per years. | |